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Establishment of a PPR Global Research and Expertise Network (PPR-GREN)

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The specific objectives of the E-Conference are to provide further insight regarding the following topics, which are suggested for discussion: 1) Opportunities and weaknesses regarding PPR control strategies 2) Identification and prioritization of themes to be addressed by PPR-GREN 3) Identification of other sub-themes to be included in the themes agreed above 4) Network to be inclusive or exclusive of other small ruminant diseases 5) Organization and operationalization of the network 6) AOB 7) Conclusion and further actions
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Registration
FAO and vaccine producers take key step in PPR eradication planning
New programme to eradicate PPR by 2030
PPR-GREN e-conference; list of contributors names
Close of the OIE-FAO GF-TADS PPR Working Group e-conference on "Establishing a PPR-Global Research and Expertise Network".
From Dr Karim Tounkara
From Dr Kinsukulu Kama, Angola avec une contribution a session cinq.
Summary of session 5, week 5. Moderator.
Session 5 and AOB of the E. Conference of PPR
PPR e-conference
From Dr Tabitha Kimani on networking PPR networks, with Moderator's comment.
Coming to the end of the PPR-GREN e-conference
From Dr Khaled Morsy on improved PPR control
session 5
From Dr Richard Kock contributing to session 5.
Champion[s] for the e-network
From Dr James Wabacha, AU-IBAR, contributing to session 5. With moderator's question.
Organization and operationalization of the network
Contributions to session 5
Welcome to our new participants
From Dr Rehab Abd elkader on PPR and its control in Egypt
From Dr Nick Honhold on "Unlocking Funds"
session one ,weakness and opportunities
From Dr Liman Mohama commenting on moderator's introduction to sesion 5
D Ward contribution on last week's discussions - hope not too late
PPR-GREN. Moderator's introduction to session 5 “Organization and operationalization of the network”.
PPR-GREN, Sessions 3 & 4 moderator's summary
From Dr M Afzal with additional information about why progresive control of other diseases might not work in Pakistan.
From Dr Mariner introducing the Global PPR Research Alliance (GPRA)
contribution to number of subjects of PPR e-conference
From Dr Robert Allport, FAO Kenya on the interaction between improved animal health and the environment.With moderator's comment.
From Dr Hiver Bousinni on tackling PPR and other SRDs.
PPR studies in Turkey
session 4: other diseases
From the moderator: session 4: do we want progressive control of other diseases or just control?
From Dr Saya Parida, Pirbright, on PPR vaccine and immunosuppression.With moderator's comment.
From Dr Vittorio Cagnolati, EU, responding to the moderator on the subject of vaccine availability and vaccination strategy.
From Drs James Wabacha and Hiver Boussini, AU-IBAR, responding to Dr Chris Daborn on regional coordination
Moderator: Session 3. Animal Welfare
Moderator responding to Dr Karim Tounkara on "Availability of vaccine for all"
Contribution to session 4 of the PPR-GREN e-conference
From Dr Karim Tounkara, Director, AU-PANVAC commenting on the use of PPR vaccine in Africa
Three for one initial rationale
From Dr Tabitha Kimani with details of the many contributions of socio-economics to progressive control of PPR
From Dr M Akram supporting the multiple disease approach and making a case for enterotoxaemia control
From Dr Chris Daborn on regional differences in small ruminant disease priorities. With moderator's comment.
From Dr Niwael Mtui-Malamsha with a question on combined PPR and CCPP vaccination. Answers please.
From Dr Bidjeh Kebkiba, Chad , on the use of a recombinant SGP PPR vaccine (session 4)
From Dr Amira Jawish, Sudan, identifying themes and sub-themes for PPR-GREN
Dr Nick Honhold contributing to session 4: "other diseases"
PPR-GREN e-conference introduction to session 4.Moderator.
PPR-GREN E-conference introduction to Session 3. Moderator.
From Dr Rabindra Singh with more information on the approach to vaccination in India.
From Dr Aamer Zahur with further information on the prolonged excretion of PPR virus in recovering stock
From Dr Serge Nzeitchueng developing Dr Akiko Kamata's contribution on research.
Responding moderators question "Will countries allow the livestock farmers to handle the vaccine directly?"
Follow on from Dr Richard Kock on socio-economics and political ecology and their influence on small ruminant populations
From Dr Nick Honhold on the economic benefits of vaccinating against PPR in Bangladesh
From Dr Huyam Salih,Sudan, on PPR vaccination
From Dr Christopher Ndi agreeing with Dr Akiko Kamat on the need for research, and also asking for wider participation
Dr Eunice Ndungu, Kenya responding on vaccine availability
From Dr Rabindra Singh on the availability of vaccine and its use in India. Plus Moderator's comment.
Availability of vaccine for everyone.
From Dr Tabitha Kimani on whether socio-economics is a main theme or several sub-themes
Dr Andre Ngangnou's 19 themes - streamlined into the moderator's five
From Darab Abdollahi highlighting movement control and biosecurity as essential components of PPR control.
From Dr Nick Honhold also on the wide role of socio-economics in PPR control
From Dr Akiko Kamata on the need for more research into PPR. With moderator's comment
From Dr Tabitha Kimani on the wider role of socio-economics. With moderator's question
From Dr Chris Daborn on capacity building and training as a sub-theme: Moderator's comment
PPR-GREN Themes - suggestions from the moderator.
Themes
From Dr Afzal about access to all thematic groups
PPR-GREN e conference
A final word on seromonitoring
Themetic groups
Moderator's mistake. Session 4 contribution slips through the net.
From Dr M. Rafiqul Islam with suggestions for main themes (and some sub-themes). Comments please.
From Dr Saka Saheed Baba with concerns about vaccinating nomadic livestock ; with moderator's note.
Membershiip of the PPR-GREN E-conference
PPR-GREN - David Ward contribution
From Dr Muhammad Abubakar following on from Dr Akram on main themes for PPR-GREN
From Dr Muhammad Akram (part of an earlier contribution) listing components (themes) agreed for PPR control in South Asia
From Dr Serge Nzeitchueng (part of an earlier contribution) on possible themes or "dots"
Session 2 - from the Moderator.
From Dr Christopher Ndi on "Whether or not to control/eradicate PPR"
Some issues with regards to vaccination and ser0-monitoring
From Dr Alexandre Caron on the need for vigilance for PPR in at-risk zones
PPR-GREN e-conference. Moderator's round up at the end of weeks 1 and 2, Session 1.
From Dr Siamak Zohari on iimmunity to PPR vaccine: with moderator's comments
Responding to Somia Taha. The sex is highly significant
From Dr Pam Luka responding to Dr William Dundon's question about RNA in oculo-nasal secretions
From Dr Michael Baron responding to diagnosis based upon detection of RNA alone.
From Dr Nick Honhold responding to Dr David Shamaki's contribution
From Dr Pam Luka, Vom, NIgeria on RT-PCR diagnosis of PPR from randomly collected buffy coats
From Dr William Dundon responding to Dr Pam Luka's PCR results and moderator's request for comment
From Dr Muhammad Akram responding to Dr Fred Kivaria on epidemiology and Ro in Tanzania.
From Dr Therese Danho on the approach to progressive control of PPR
From Dr Rabindra Singh responding to Somia Taha on issues relating to PPR in male and female animals
From Dr Rabindra Singh reponding to Dr Pam Luka on the subject of PCR for diagnosis
From Dr Somia Taha on issues where research can help control of PPR
From Dr Pam Luka, Vom, NIgeria on seromonitoring and on random diagnosis: plus moderator's request
From Dr Fred Kivaria on calculating Ro for PPR in Tanzania.
From Dr Abel Wade with key points for inclusion in a strategy to control PPR
From Dr Aamer Bin Zahur on excretion of virus from recovered animals.Plus moderator's questions.
From Dr Nick Honhold on seromonitoring
Seromonitoring after vaccination - how useful is it?
From Dr Darab Abdollahi replying to Drs Peter Roeder and Satya Parida
To and From Dr Darab Addollahi on PPR control in Iran and the strategy for improved control generally.
From Dr Darab Abdollahi about the apparent upsurge of PPR after RP eradication .
PPR e-conference
Re : Rapid Laboratory test: LAMP PCR
From Dr Jeff Mariner on Thermostable PPR vaccine strain Nig75/1.
Rapid Laboratory test: LAMP PCR
From Dr Bill Taylor following up on his contribution of 6th February.
From Dr Muhammad Akram a fundamental question on PPR epidemiology . Plus moderator's comment.
An important question from Dr M.Afzal in Pakistan
From Dr Nick Honhold on "Why PPR may be more difficult than RP to eradicate. With Moderator's comments.
From Dr Eunice Ndungu, Kenya on strengthening the coordination, sustainability and standardization of laboratories
A question from Dr Abel Wade. Answers please - moderator
From Dr B Sreenivasa on eradication campaigns, "pulse" vaccination and different lineages of PPRV. Plus moderator's comment.
From Dr Basagoudanavar responding to the Good Question from Drs Taylor and Kivaria.
From Dr Satya Parida in response to Dr Peter Roeder
From Dr Hanan Ahmed on experience with PPR in Sudan
From Dr Mansoor Al Qadasi with more information on PPR contol in Yemen and in general
From Dr Serge Nzeitchueng on endemicity and epidemiological evidence. With moderator's comments.
From Dr Fatih Barut on improved molecular diagnostics.
Comment on Dr Taylor's & Kivaria's question: to vaccinate or leave alone
Another Good Question; this time from Drs Taylor and Kivaria.
(1)Did PPR benefit from rinderpest eradication? (2). PPRV in cattle. Moderator's input
Heat indicator labels on the vaccine bottles can be used to track heat exposures
From Dr Abdelgadir Ballal responding to Dr Nzeitcheung on the importance of knowing disease prevalence in a strategy for PPR control
From Dr Srinivasan on the possible need for species specific vaccines
The end of week one - moderator's comments
General comments
Expérience de la Côte d'Ivoire
E-Conference on PPR
African Perspective
Antiviral approachs against PPR
PPR Control Strategies - lessons from Uganda (2007 - 2013)
Is there any possibility in emerging of PPR outbreaks in bovine?
From Dr Geneviève Libeau on improved vaccines and diagnostics
From Dr Bill Taylor on the need for more understanding of the different local mechanisms that encourage PPR endemicity
PPR-GREN conference
From GL. LIBEAU in answer to Dr Ithondeka's question
From Dr Manuel Carrondo on PPR vaccine formulation and thermostability
From Dr Kivaria in answer to Dr Ithondeka's question
From DR Severin Loul of Cameroon with key negative influences affecting PPR control there
Simulate a recovered animal
From Dr Huyam Salih in Sudan with a number of key points for an effective control strategy
Conference housekeeping
From Dr M'd. Rafiqul Islam on experiences of PPR control in Bangladesh including the use of thermostable vaccine Meherpur strain
Follow up from Dr Naveen Kumar on his Nanakpur/2012 virus
Factors enfluencing PPR control
From DR Al Qadasi on training of auxiliary field staff in Yemen
From Dr Getachew Gari on recent experiences with PPR control in Ethiopia
A good question waiting to be answered
PPR-GREN E conference
positive and negative factors influencing PPR control
From Dr Fatih Barut on the advantages of immediate use of specific immune system boosters over conventional vacination.
From Dr Naveen Kumar on interesting molecular and antigenic characteristics of an isolate of PPRV , concerns about PPR in cattle plus moderator's comments

Njeumi, Felix (NSAH)
Fri, 11 Sep 2020 14:32:24 +0000
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FAO-ANIMALHEALTH-L Archives
Establishment of a PPR Global Research and Expertise Network (PPR-GREN)

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Njeumi, Felix (AGAH)
Fri, 19 Dec 2014 16:15:22 +0100
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http://www.fao.org/AG/AGAInfo/programmes/en/empres/news_181214b.html
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Njeumi, Felix (AGAH)
Fri, 31 Oct 2014 16:53:35 +0100
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http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/empres/news_271014.html
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Paul Rossiter
Fri, 14 Mar 2014 12:32:04 +0000
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Dear Colleagues, I propose to include a list of the approximately 70 people (from the 306 subscribers ) who actively contributed to the recently concluded e-conference.  A draft version of the list is given below.   I have prepared the list from the conference list site which is based upon email addresses.  These usually do not give affiliations or titles so I have not used these – moreover most people did not use these during the conference so I am not going to pursue them for the final list.  Furthermore, I know that I have had to add one or 

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Paul Rossiter
Wed, 12 Mar 2014 12:02:35 +0000
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Dear Colleagues, Closure of the PPR-GREN E-conference. Time flies. It seems like only yesterday that we were starting the e-conference and now, having concluded session 5 and with no pressing AOB, we must close it. We have had nearly two hundred contributions (don’t quote me as I haven’t really counted up yet) nearly all of which have been constructive and will help the OIE-FAO GF-TADS PPR Working Group to establish a PPR network  that should be responsive to your needs.  The overwhelming response has been enthusiasm for the task of eradicating PPR, for the proposed network and for discussion and 

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Paul Rossiter
Tue, 11 Mar 2014 11:12:57 +0000
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Dear Paul, It has been a very exciting and enriching e-conference. You did a wonderful job. Congratulations to you Paul. To all colleagues congratulations as well. PANVAC learned a lot during these last weeks. Thank you to all!!   Kind regards Karim Dr. Karim Tounkara Director Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre African Union (AU/PANVAC) P.O. Box 1746. DEBRE ZEIT - ETHIOPIA Tel: + 251 11 437 12 86; + 251 11 433 80 01 Fax: + 251 11 433 88 44 Mobile: + 251 911 93 49 38
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Paul Rossiter
Tue, 11 Mar 2014 11:10:41 +0000
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Dear Moderator and colleagues, I have followed with attention all your contributions to this e - conference which is really instructive and informative also. I think that English is not the only language spoken by everybody and is a limiting factor for participation of others who are not comfortable with this language. En effet, j'aimerai vous dire à tous que en cette fin de la 5ème session de notre conference, il est important de s'assurer de: 1.Un site internet et un bullettin de préférence semestriel pourront constituer les instruments de maintien du reseau PPR-GREN pour lequel d'autres collègues ont même 

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Paul Rossiter
Tue, 11 Mar 2014 09:53:06 +0000
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Dear Colleagues, During the fifth week of the conference we addressed “Organization and operationalization of the network”, the network being PPR-GREN. We started very quietly and I was so worried that fatigue was setting in that I sent round an extra plea for some inputs.  A BIG thank you to the stalwarts who responded; perhaps as Michael Baron said it wasn’t fatigue so much as our lack of experience when it comes to setting up networks.   By the end of business yesterday we had 12 substantive contributions to the session. Looking through them I see at least 18 subjects/topics 

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Hanan Yousif
Tue, 11 Mar 2014 07:36:25 +0000
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Dear Moderator and all,
I am really benefited from the valuable inputs by the conference participants and want to highlight on some issues concerning the organization and operationalization of the network and AOB:
It could be good and of value if countries those who have a control plan for the disease in place and experienced the control activities in the field to be considered as focal points in the networkalso establishing a PPR database for data/ information exchange among countries will add value in tailoring the activities of the control programme specially for countries that has open borders with many

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Mansoor Al Qadasi
Mon, 10 Mar 2014 17:46:48 +0100
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Dear Paul
Dears colleagues
yes we came to the end of this e-conference, but i would like first to thank you Paul as moderator of the e-conference that played a key role in the conference . thank you for the success. secondly thank s also to all colleagues for their valuable contributions. Despite that I could not contribute to all sessions actively due to limited time that I have during this conference, I really learned allot from reading the contributions of all colleagues. I think this is not the end of this kind of communications and hope that PPR-GREN network

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Paul Rossiter
Mon, 10 Mar 2014 14:33:06 +0000
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Dear Paul, In July last year, FAO launched the “Livestock socio-economics and policy network for Africa- LSPNet. The network has begun establishing some links with NEAT  which stands for “Networking to enhance the use of economics in animal health education, research and policy making in Europe and beyond” The first year work plan of the LSPNet has an activity on an e- conference on the socio-economics of PPR. The scope, tools and approaches. After some discussions today, we thought that the proposed e-conference can address amongst other issues, the subthemes of PPR socio-economics that arose from the e-conference on GREN. Let 

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Paul Rossiter
Sun, 9 Mar 2014 12:56:56 +0000
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Dear Colleagues,   Tomorrow will be the last day of this e-conference on establishing the PPR-Global Research and Experience Network (GREN). If you have any final comments that you would like to add to session 5 please do so, and for the participants who joined within this last week we may accept contributions on the subjects covered in the other four sessions.  It is also a last chance for AOB, "any other business".   Kind regards, Moderator.
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Paul Rossiter
Sat, 8 Mar 2014 12:46:40 +0000
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Dear Paul & all members Fortunately for the GF- TADs PPR Working Group is that it deals with the PPR virus for the following reasons:- 1 -It is transmitted by direct contact between the diseased and healthy animals and it is not airborne disease,  needs  no insect victors nor intermediate host. 2 - It has one sero- type divided into four lineages , and there is cross immunity between them. 3 - Control or eradication of the virus is easy , such as what happened in rinderpest in the nineties of the last century and I had the privilege that I 

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Rehab Abdelkader Elbassal
Fri, 7 Mar 2014 23:32:15 +0100
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Dear Colleagues,
- All agree that the main aim for the network is sharing technical information that will finally support the program of control and eradication of PPR so that network should be the reference for all whom interest in PPR so It should have all references and guidelines and recent activities related to PPR eradication programs and facilitate the open discussion for their users .
- I agree the network should be open for different themes periodically (one month) to help people to concentrate and focus but I proposed after we finished every theme we can make one week

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Paul Rossiter
Fri, 7 Mar 2014 13:37:49 +0000
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Dear Paul and Colleagues, I have been involved in a number of internet networks – and I believe over 100 people will not communicate effectively. In IUCN WHSG we have regional groupings with a common website as does WDA. And usually a core group use the network and this is driven by need and familiarity, freedom to speak and to do so without subsequently being misquoted or attacked – so needs to be secure and have rules and the network also needs a moderator! I am not a face book or twitter user though so perhaps out of touch…..I would 

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Chris Daborn
Fri, 7 Mar 2014 16:26:10 +0300
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Dear Colleagues,

Ideally each Continent should have a champion Institute or Institutes with
the responsibility for maintaining an e-network for PPR-GREN. Such
Institutes are likely to have the capacity and even the existing mandate to
sustainably fulfil such a role, particularly if there is support, inputs and
encouragement from FAO and OIE. AU-IBAR is an obvious candidate for Africa
with its existing close links with ILRI and AU-PANVAC. As per my previous
posts I would like to see training and continuing education being strongly
supported amongst the roles any such e-network continues to perform.

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Paul Rossiter
Fri, 7 Mar 2014 11:51:30 +0000
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Dear Moderator   The network could prove very useful in developing frameworks and guidelines for  the key areas of the disease necessary for progressive control. For example  at AU-IBAR we are implementing a regional project  in the Greater Horn of Africa where PPR is one of the target disease. The intervention aims to harmonize the work of the departments of veterinary services in the region  in their approach to the control of  PPR among other diseases. Technical teams from the region,  supported by regional and international organisations  are developing standardized Methods and Procedures that indicate among others the data/information requirements  

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Pam Luka
Thu, 6 Mar 2014 15:30:00 +0100
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Dear Paul and Colleagues,

Before we draw the curtain, I will like to suggest that the organization of
this project should have a pyramid structure that is: International (OIE,
FAO), Regional, Reference Labs, National levels for the purpose of
coordination and order. This will enhance coordination at all levels

The themes and subthemes should be open to all since some are cross
cutting. It can also take the form of a "close user group" for all those
who will sign up. This will enhance the flow of ideas. Some time (period)
can be designated to a theme depending on the

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 6 Mar 2014 14:17:43 +0000
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Dear Colleagues,   We are approaching the conclusion of the e-conference but I have received only one or two contributions for you to session 5.  Perhaps the needs of PPR in the laboratory and field have taken over from working with the disease on the internet. Seriously though, we do need you inputs to tell us what kind of network you want to have and use. Please read though my introduction to session 5 and if possible comment on some of the ideas that I floated there, and in the more general introduction to the conference and session 1.    There are other aspects 

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 6 Mar 2014 13:48:31 +0000
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Welcome to the 45 new participants who have joined the PPR-GREN e-conference during this final session especially the 36 who were signed in today, theoretically the last but one day of the conference.    I hope that you will automatically receive the introduction to the conference describing its purpose and structure and how you may contribute to it.  Looking at your names and eddresses it would seem that many or most of you appear to be from the Middle East which until now had been numerically under-represented in the conference.  Because of this we will appreciate your contributions to all sessions in order to achieve a 

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 6 Mar 2014 07:23:10 +0000
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Dear All,   1- The first case of PPR recorded officially in Egypt was in May in 2012 and there was no vaccination for PPR in 2012. We neededsome measure of disease prevalence and distribution in order to evaluate our control measures progress in the perspective to "eradicate" the disease.    2- We could not depend on the reporting system (low reporting rates) to estimate prevalence, so in 2012 we used serology to estimate the sero-prevalence of PPR  as our base-line indicator and to deal with the situation.   3- Because there was no vaccination at that time we were confident that this sero-surveillance in 2012 was only detecting antibodies in 

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Paul Rossiter
Wed, 5 Mar 2014 15:43:29 +0000
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Dear All I don't know if this is too late a contribution but I would like to ask that we keep the producers / keepers point of view in mind. It is for them after all that we are proposing to attempt PPR eradication. I understand the wish to focus on one disease in terms of progressing to eradication, it certainly makes a lot of technical sense. But we cannot imagine that this will happen rapidly. We have tools now that weren't available early on in RP eradication but whether that will dramatically decrease the amount of time are looking 

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Rehab Abdelkader Elbassal
Wed, 5 Mar 2014 12:49:21 +0100
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Dear All,

From our experience in work with PPR In Egypt , the PPR control and eradication depend on two main points (accurate diagnosis and good quality vaccination)
We have some weakness and opportunities
Some weakness:
- unrestricted Movements of the infected nomadic grazing sheep and goats flocks and markets and social activities and cultures of owners of sheep help the spread of disease and transmission of virus to different localities.
- Under reporting cases was mainly due to lack of awareness of owners which make the communication toughen .
- Lack of resources ( fund – training workers –

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Paul Rossiter
Tue, 4 Mar 2014 16:02:31 +0000
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> >That is the better thing to do for the network. > >Felicitous. > > > > >******************************************************************** >LIMAN MOHAMA >Spécialiste en Production et Santé Animales Tropicales, >Expert Zootechnicien, Chef Service de Production Animale >à la CEBEVIRHA - CEMAC >Avenue Mobutu, Quartier Moursal >B.P. 665 N'DJAMENA - TChad >Tel: (235) 95 41 42 36 / (237) 75 74 70 37 >E-mail: [log in to unmask] >           [log in to unmask] > > > >Le Lundi 3 mars 2014 10h58, Paul Rossiter <[log in to unmask]> a écrit : > >Good Morning Colleagues, >  >Today we move on to session 5 of this e-conference “Organization and operationalization of the network”. This is the last 

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David Ward
Mon, 3 Mar 2014 09:47:57 -0800
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Paul, Hope this is not too late. Ciao -------------------------- Colleagues,   I take this opportunity to bring up what I believe are a few underestimated and spurious issues relating directly to this past week’s session on tackling multiple diseases in small ruminants.  Nick Honhold started us off very well with his proposal for a 3-in-1 strategy.  But it seems that the momentum was lost.   First I believe the vaccines at hand are pretty good against PPR, brucellosis (in small ruminants) sheep/goat pox and clostridial diseases.  The notion that ‘multi-component vaccines’, i.e. several immunizing antigens ‘in the same bottle’ is 

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Paul Rossiter
Mon, 3 Mar 2014 09:57:26 +0000
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Good Morning Colleagues,   Today we move on to session 5 of this e-conference “Organization and operationalization of the network”. This is the last scheduled open session of the conference, unless anyone has any other business to raise. It is also perhaps the most important session because it will shape how the PPR-GREN (the “network”) will function, how we all will use it, and how useful it may ultimately be. I see several issues we need to consider; “who”, “where”, “what” and “how”.  By "who" I do not just mean who will be responsible for running the network, I think that 

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Paul Rossiter
Mon, 3 Mar 2014 09:12:10 +0000
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Dear Colleagues, During the fourth week of the conference we addressed two topics: session 3 on sub-themes and relating these to the main themes that were developed in week 3 (session 2) , and session 4 on whether PPR-GREN should be “inclusive or exclusive of other small ruminant diseases”. Session 3 was relatively quiet, probably because we had already covered so many sub-themes during the previous week. Dr Tabitha Kimani provided a comprehensive resume of the many benefits that socio-economics can bring right across the board of a new global progressive control programme. Dr Jawish provided a wide ranging list 

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Paul Rossiter
Sun, 2 Mar 2014 16:33:01 +0000
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Following  Dr Afzal's initial contribution on this subject (Thursday 27 Feb) I wrote to him asking for more information on why he thought that tackling more than just PPR for progressive control/eradication would not work in Pakistan.   This is the reply that Dr Afazal has kindly sent back to us. Moderator.     Dear Paul, The reasons are more socio-economic rather than purely technical. In Pakistan, prevalence of SGP is low and getting support for their eradication will be low. Technically SGP will eradicable in a shorter span of life (10-15 years). For brucellosis, awareness is still the major issue. Gaining political support 

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Paul Rossiter
Sun, 2 Mar 2014 16:10:51 +0000
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Dear Colleagues,   Congratulations on a very useful e-conference. As many of you are aware the Global PPR Research Alliance (GPRA) was formed a little over two-years ago and has held two international meetings to date bringing  together researchers and development actors interested in PPR. The GPRA is an informal, participant-owned network with an elected committee established by the membership that coordinates activities between meetings.   The objectives of the GPRA were established by the members at the second meeting as:   •    Prioritize research within the strategic needs of the progressive control program and facilitate the implementation of prioritized research. •       

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Mansoor Al Qadasi
Sat, 1 Mar 2014 18:36:36 +0100
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Dear Paul
Dear colleagues
First of all I would like to apologize as I could not contribute to all sessions of the conference. I was and still too busy in other urgent issues need to do them.
I followed up some contributions in different conference subject and I have some points:
1. I really found those themes included in Paul’s table are good and acceptable as they cover most of issues related not only to PPR, but to other diseases
2. Improved laboratory based technology I think should be stand alone theme. For me research is two main activities one

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Paul Rossiter
Fri, 28 Feb 2014 15:19:44 +0000
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Dear Paul I have been following this conference with keen interest and have been really impressed with the contributions.  The focus on the progressive control of other diseases makes a lot of sense but has got me thinking about an additional question that, so far as I am aware, has not been addressed as yet (if it has please ignore this). What impact would the control of these diseases have on sheep and goat numbers and consequently on the environment? In Kenya, as in many other parts of the horn of Africa we are seeing a gradual decline in the 

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Paul Rossiter
Fri, 28 Feb 2014 14:48:21 +0000
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Dear Moderator,   As was the case with RP, several biological and physiological factors favor the prospect of achieving global eradication of PPR virus. These include: (i) possibility to use a single vaccine to protect animals against all PPRV strains; (ii) absence of a carrier state; (iii) no  known and well documented reservoir of infection outside the small ruminant population; (iv) availability of safe live attenuated vaccines, which are relatively cheap to produce and confer life-long immunity after a single dose; (v) the near perspective of accessing thermo stable or thermo-tolerant vaccines; (vi) possibility of combination of PPR vaccine with 

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Arife Ertürk
Fri, 28 Feb 2014 13:22:49 +0000
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Dear All and moderator My name is Arife ERTURK. I am Head of Viral Diagnosis laboratory in Etlik Veterinary Control Central Research Institute in Ankara, Turkey. Approximately 3 weeks I am following PPR GREN. First of all I would like to mention that I am very happy for being in this group. I would like to thank all and especially Dr. Peter ROEDER and Dr. John ANDERSON. They have contributed a lot to our studies about Rinderpest and PPR on 1991 and 1999 respectively in first occurrence of these diseases in Turkey. We have learned many valuable information from them 

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Getachew Gari
Fri, 28 Feb 2014 01:12:56 -0800
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Dear Paul
I would like to suggest on the choice of other disease that should be combined with PPR vaccine. I think it should be subject to the decision of the country involved in the control program. I Ethiopia, sheep and goat pox disease was taken up to vaccinate along with the PPR vaccination. But the vaccine preparation is still in a separate vials which is not easy to administer two vaccines into one shoat in two injections. So the vaccine formulation of two in one should be available for effective field vaccination management. Dr Murti suggested CCPP to be

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 27 Feb 2014 16:55:55 +0000
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Dear Colleagues,   We have almost reached the last day of week four and the last day of sessions 3 and 4. We have had some inputs for session three “sub-themes for PPR-GREN” and a lot of interest in session 4 “Network to be inclusive or exclusive of other small ruminant diseases?”   Without exception all who have contributed to session 4 have been in favour of providing a broad, inclusive package of small ruminant health control rather than just PPR control alone.   Quite a wide range of diseases have been suggested for control along with PPR but, to me, these 

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 27 Feb 2014 06:58:27 +0000
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Dear All, As I informed you few weeks before currently we are developing multivalent vaccines using PPRV as a viral vector. To address the question whether immunosupression nature of PPRV affect the antibody production of other vaccines coadministered with PPR vaccine, I had recently conducted an vaccine challenge experiment in goats. 3 groups of goats (n=4) were used in this study. The first group had been administered both PPR and FMD conventional vaccines, the second group had been administered PPR rescued live attenuated vaccine (recovered from c-DNA clone of live attenuated conventioanal vaccine) and FMD vaccine  and third group had been administered only FMD vaccine. 

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 27 Feb 2014 06:45:02 +0000
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Paul   You are suggesting a very important topic on disease control in general and PPR in particular, the modalities to administer vaccines. I believe that recommendations on vaccine administration strategies should address the needs of specific productive systems (animal density, husbandry system, flock size, individual animal value, epidemiological status, movement patters, et) and be coherent with the organization of veterinary services, contribute to national or regional disease control strategies, and take into account competencies of livestock owners. Vaccination, like many other veterinary practices, should not be seen only as a way to provide "inputs" into the livestock systems, but 

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 27 Feb 2014 06:40:42 +0000
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Dear Moderator   We wish to take this opportunity to thank all the participants in this conference for raising and sharing information on how we might proceed in addressing the PPR control and eradication globally, regionally and Nationally. Looking at the issue of PPR through the Regional economic communities is one way of tackling the disease in a coordinated and harmonised manner and as  Chris  observes  RECs provide themselves with the necessary leadership in livestock agenda. However, a lot of overlap among the RECS exists and  the African Union technical Office, AU-IBAR  considers  PPR  disease control  in Africa through the  

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Paul Rossiter
Wed, 26 Feb 2014 13:41:56 +0000
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Dear Colleagues,   Animal Welfare is now a major subject of veterinary interest and legislation.  Could it be an approach through which to justify additional support for progressive control PPR worldwide?  PPR causes significant suffering in infected animals, perhaps more so in those that recover than those that die. If we have the means to prevent this suffering should we be obliged to use it?  If so could the animal welfare organizations help us to promote global eradication?   Moderator.   
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Paul Rossiter
Wed, 26 Feb 2014 13:30:09 +0000
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Dear Colleagues, Dr Karim Tounkara has made a strong contribution on behalf of AU-PANVAC.  He argues against handing out free PPR vaccine to everyone who wants it, and gives some clear indication of his thinking about epidemiological targeting of vaccination. Concerning handing out free vaccine I fully agree with Dr Tounkara. I should have made it clear in my first contribution on this subject that I was not advocating that PPR vaccine be given out freely by government to all who want it but that it be widely and readily (freely) available to those who want to PAY for it.  The 

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Baptiste Dungu
Wed, 26 Feb 2014 12:41:34 -0000
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Dear colleagues

I have been following with keen interest this very well structured and
managed e-conference, with very insightful expert views. My small
contribution at this stage of the conference will be built on my more than
15 years in vaccine development and production, which have covered also the
PPR vaccine. Including PPR in a combination or multivalent vaccine for small
ruminants is undoubtedly the approach that will address many disease
management, logistical and access challenges in most developing countries.
It is equally clear that the combinations to be considered should take into
account the situation of each regions in

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Paul Rossiter
Wed, 26 Feb 2014 09:32:17 +0000
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Dear Paul and Colleagues, As the premier institution responsible for the certification of all veterinary vaccines produced or brought into Africa for use, AU-PANVAC wishes to make some comments in response to the issues on the epidemiologically targeted approach to immunization.   In the first place, AU-PANVAC believes that it is not preferable to make the vaccines freely available to countries for an eradication programme, based on the following reasons: ·        This will destroy private engagement in the provision of veterinary services in Member States since private veterinarians will not work for free ·        It will diminish the importance of 

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Nick Honhold
Wed, 26 Feb 2014 09:29:22 +0000
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Dear All

One reason I initially started with the idea of PPR, SGPX and
brucellosis is that all three essentially require one successful
immunisation in the lifetime of a typical sheep or goat in many areas. I
thought the idea of achieving a one visit coverage would appeal to
funding agencies, especially if brucellosis was a part of the mix. I was
working in Turkey at the time for FAO and the vet authorities there did
not see PPR as being important whereas SGPX and brucellosis were seen as
worth pursuing. Knowing that Syria seemed to have high sero-prevalences
for

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Paul Rossiter
Wed, 26 Feb 2014 08:58:43 +0000
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Dear Paul and Colleagues,   Socio-economic subthemes and where they fit.   Justification: ·         small ruminants products and services and roles played at the household and national economies; ·         socio-economics impacts of PPR and other small ruminants diseases and issues on livelihoods and national economies (This will allow one to see where PPR fits within the landscape of small ruminant development challenges and also identify what other problems/diseases can be addressed along PPR to improve buy in from farmers and policy makers) and benefits of control- as in returns to investments.   Vaccination and surveillance: ·         response capacity analysis and 

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Paul Rossiter
Wed, 26 Feb 2014 08:12:57 +0000
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Dear Paul and Colleagues,   I strongly support this idea of following multiple disease approach. I would like however to add Enterotoxaemia in the said list especially in Pakistan perspectives. Enterotoxaemia is one of the important diseases in the list of differential diagnosis with PPR and causing huge losses in Pakistan. There should be provision for the national veterinary authorities to prioritise as to what other disease(s) with PPR are to be packaged in their country/region however PPR-GREN network should identify the diseases that can be packaged with PPR based on existing research and or prospective research in the matter. 

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Paul Rossiter
Wed, 26 Feb 2014 07:55:20 +0000
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Dear Colleagues,   It makes sense by socio-economic and other criteria to address preventable/eradicable small ruminant diseases in one basket. We should, however, appreciate the fact that different regions will have different small ruminant disease priorities, so the basket should be filled according to regional needs. Would following the same geographical demarcation as currently used for the 8 Regional Economic Communities [CEN-SAD, COMESA, EAC, ECCAS, ECOWAS, IGAD, SADC and UMA] be an appropriate approach for Africa? Although more aligned to market rather than agro-ecological zones the RECs will bring a ready-made administrative structure to represent the views of their respective member 

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Paul Rossiter
Wed, 26 Feb 2014 07:46:49 +0000
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Dear Colleagues,   I support having combined vaccine to reduce costs of campaigns however I am not sure how we can agree on that. In Tanzania for instance we would wish to have combination of PPR and CCPP.  Are there any experiments that have been done to support such combination?? Best regards, Niwael J. Mtui-Malamsha, PhD Principal Vet Officer - PPR Control, Directorate of Veterinary Services, Tanzania Email: [log in to unmask]; [log in to unmask] Answers please if you have them. Off the top of my head I don't know about this combination. However it is the small ruminant version of the combined rinderpest and CBPP 

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Paul Rossiter
Tue, 25 Feb 2014 16:19:23 +0000
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Dear moderator and dear all,   I agree with that we should include other diseases  such as sheep and goats pox in the progressive control of PPR in small ruminants. If I well remember Cirad had in collaboration with LANAVET (Cameroon) developped recombinant vaccine against PPR using Capripox as support. I don't know if this vaccine is still available ; if yes so we can easily go for progressive control of PPR and SGP. I think Dr Adama or Ngagnou could answer to this.   Kind regards! Bidjeh Kebkiba, Head of virology Unit, IRED (Chad), Route de farcha, PO box 433, Ndjamena- Chad. 
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Paul Rossiter
Tue, 25 Feb 2014 16:14:56 +0000
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Dear All,   Identification and prioritization of themes to be addressed by PPR- GREN, ·         Epidemiology of PPR ·         Vaccination strategy and Immunity ·         surveillance techniques; ·         laboratory services and diagnostic facilities ·         National/regional preparedness plans; ·         Trans-humance pastoralism requires. ·         Regional / ecosystem approach, coordination and harmonization among veterinary services of neighboring countries; ·         capacity of veterinary service, ·         Capacity of Institutions and Policy-makers ·         Resources ·         The impact of the disease and of interventions ·         action plans ·         Risk Analysis and Value Chain Analysis ·         Communication and Awareness ·         Outbreak Response ·         Enforcement of Sanitary Measures ·         Monitoring 

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Paul Rossiter
Mon, 24 Feb 2014 17:12:28 +0000
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Dear All For a few years now I have been gently promoting a concept I have referred to as "3 for 1" that would combine vaccination against PPR, brucellosis and sheep and goat pox in small ruminants where the three represent threats, which is across quite wide areas.  The most expensive part of disease control by vaccination is the establishment and maintenance of the cold chain and the cost or getting the personnel to the animals in order to give a vaccine. The cost-effectiveness can be improved by delivering other preventive treatments at the same time. In small ruminants there 

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Paul Rossiter
Mon, 24 Feb 2014 16:40:51 +0000
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Good Afternoon Everyone, Welcome to session 4 of the PPR-GREN e-conference “Network to be inclusiveor exclusive of other small ruminant diseases”.   This important question  asks whether or not other diseases should be addressed together with PPR  but, assuming that the answer might be yes,  it also implies which diseases? I also think it  asks whether these other diseases should be considered for progressive control leading to eradication  and not just routine control to manageable levels.   During the first three weeks of the conference we largely focused on the progressive control of PPR. However, even in the first two days of the conference Drs 

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Paul Rossiter
Mon, 24 Feb 2014 12:22:10 +0000
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Good Morning Everyone, Welcome to the fourth weekof the e-conference and the start of both session 3 “Identification of other sub-themes to be included in the themes agreed above”, and session4 “Network to be inclusive or exclusive of other small ruminant diseases”. I write here concerning session 3 and will write separately to introduce session 4.   Last week, session 2, we worked towards defining a smallish number of main themes for the proposed PPR-GREN.  I suggested five themes that were not a priority list but more a sequence of what might be required in developing a strategy: “justification”, “co-ordination 

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Paul Rossiter
Mon, 24 Feb 2014 08:09:48 +0000
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With thanks to Dr Rabindra Singh for this response to the moderator's question following Dr Singh's contribution on the availability of vaccine and its use in India (22 Feb 2013). Moderator. Dear Paul, We have observation of more than 95% reduction in outbreaks in two of the Indian states, which adapted this strategy of vaccination honestly. However, to reach to 0% occurrence definately we need repeated carpet/ mass vaccination campaigns. But, the approach will help us in creating an awareness to go for successfull mass vaccinations with higher acceptability (seing is believing) amongst the public.  regards, R.P.Singh   ----- Original Message 

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Paul Rossiter
Mon, 24 Feb 2014 07:52:40 +0000
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Many thanks to Dr Aamer Zahur for this reply to a question from the moderator following  Dr Aamers's contribution on prolonged PPR virus excretion in the faeces of recovering small ruminants (Thursday 13th Feb). Please also see the related contribution from Dr Michael Baron (Friday 14th Feb).    Dear Paul,   Sorry for delay in replying your inquiry because i was out of town. we detected PPR viral RNA through real-time RT-PCR however we were not be able to isolate PPR virus from the faeces of recovered animals despite many attempts. Definitely we will conduct an experiment to ascertain that weather these recovered animals 

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Paul Rossiter
Mon, 24 Feb 2014 07:31:09 +0000
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We should take the opportunity to build on what FAO and others are doing to proceed to a systematic review or scoping study to identify information (epidemiology, socio-economics, virus ecology, diagnostic test,......) gaps, which are important to clearly identify the way forward regarding the PPR control or eradication program. Serge Nzietchueng Adjunct Professor, Ecosystem Health Initiative Adjunct Instructor, School of Public Health University Technical Advisor, USAID Grantee RESPOND Project University of Minnesota Department of Veterinary Population Medicine
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ghulam sarwar sarwar
Sun, 23 Feb 2014 00:13:21 +0500
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Dear Colleagues,I think most of the developing counties will not allow the livestock farmers to handle thevaccine directly. There are genuine reasons for that, most important is the literacy rate and farmers awareness.I recommend to use participatory approaches to get the farmers on board for vaccination campaign.
I am in agreement with Dr. Eunice Ndungu for focused vaccination against PPR accompanied with participatory surveillancein high risk areas but at the same time minimum level of participatory surveillance be maintained in low risk areas.
We have successfully controlled PPR outbreak in Wildlife (Sindh Ibex) in Sindh province of Pakistanby developing sanitary

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Paul Rossiter
Sat, 22 Feb 2014 16:01:34 +0000
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Moderator:  Dr Richard Kock posed us some challenges with last Thursday's contribution about the sub-theme of political ecology.  Never having tied these two concepts together I felt that I needed to know more and asked Richard the following:"Are you saying that we/you should be planning (modelling) ahead on the basis of socio-economic change in much the same way that the distribution and prevalence of many diseases (arbovirusdiseases spring to mind) are being re-assessed in the light of global warming"?   Dr Kock - There are different aspects that modelling can help to explain and indicate research gaps. One key question is why is 

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Paul Rossiter
Sat, 22 Feb 2014 15:55:30 +0000
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About 10 years ago we did an impact analysis and a benefit cost ratio for PPR vaccination in Bangladesh. That country is endemically infected and it appeared that around 50% of kids died of PPR each year. We estimated from the fairly rough economic analysis that PPR vaccination would produce a benefit cost ratio of around 10. Nick This  very high mortality rate would be quite unsustainable for the farmers without some form of intervention.  Not at all the image of mild endemic disease.  - Moderator.
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Paul Rossiter
Sat, 22 Feb 2014 09:11:18 +0000
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Dears Colleagues, Thank you moderator for mentioning the constraints that could affect the availability of vaccine for every farmer in need of it. In my country as in many African and developing countries, we have resources problems either lack of resources or misuse of resources due to lack of priorities determination.Eradication of PPR from my point of view could be acheived through vaccination (when knowing the vaccine efficacy) and animal movement monitoring. But in a country like ours 'Sudan' with sheep and goat population exceeding 20 million head distributed in vast areas in traditional system, even if we have resources 

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Paul Rossiter
Sat, 22 Feb 2014 08:54:39 +0000
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Dear Mr Moderator,   My worry is in line with that of Dr Akiko Kamata. We are almost running to the 4th and last week of this conference, and I have not read (maybe I missed out on them) any contributions from scientists of countries of the the former Soviet block. I remember that  working closely with the GREP Secretariat prior to the declaration of the global eradication of rinderpest I was charged with translating a lot of rinderpest-related information from the Russian to English. It was not a very easy task for me to carry out, especially given the 

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Paul Rossiter
Sat, 22 Feb 2014 08:25:54 +0000
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  Dear Colleagues,   The moderator posed the question: "If we focus these on the high-risk targeted populations how will we also control disease in the non-targeted areas and how best can this be done?    My answer is that focused  vaccination  against  PPR  should be accompanied  by intensive surveillance and  ring vaccination  around the targeted  high-risk areas  andendemic  areas.  These areas would be ringed by sanitary cordons made up of highly vaccinated goat & sheep populations  to  prevent  further  spread.    Ring vaccinations would similarly be carried around in non-targeted areas when disease out breaks occurs.   The suggestion that PPR-GREN promote 

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Paul Rossiter
Sat, 22 Feb 2014 08:12:45 +0000
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Dear Paul & All, Unlike inactivated vaccines (FMD, Rabies), upscaling of PPR vaccine is not a problem with the industries under Public-Private partnership. Further there may be two ways to economize vaccine use in case of PPR. Ist is focussed vaccination in high risk population as suggested by you. IInd is strategic vaccination. Ist one may be suitable for the countries which have low capacity for vaccine production, while IInd strategy could be adapted by the countries that have good internal capacity for vaccine production. For me strategic vaccination is  mass vaccination (Ist year)-followed by vaccination of new born and 

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Paul Rossiter
Fri, 21 Feb 2014 10:41:41 +0000
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Dear All, With the socio-economists now fully engaged with us I am emboldened to ask a question from my back-burner. Attempting to eradicate PPR is a substantial task. Even if we follow, as discussed, an epidemiologically targeted approach to immunization (and I for one believe this is the way to go) we will have limitations on our resources. Therefore, ifwe focus these on the high-risk targeted populations how will we also control disease in the non-targeted areas and how best can this be done?  Will there be sufficient public funds for outbreak control  or do we have look for an alternative?  If the latter then I would like ask if we 

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Paul Rossiter
Fri, 21 Feb 2014 09:45:46 +0000
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Dear Paul,   It can be either way, but each option has its disadvantages. If the socio-economics of PPR control is a main stand alone theme, the main challenge would be how the analysis would feed directly into or support the discussions and decisions made in the other major themes in a timely and coordinated manner. My experience is that often, a disconnect occurs where socio-economic findings don’t inform strategies.   On the other hand, if it's cross-cutting, the technical experts tend to ignore the issues Dr Nick Honhold  has raised  as they are only interested in socio-economic impacts only.  The control 

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Paul Rossiter
Fri, 21 Feb 2014 09:28:26 +0000
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  With Dr Ngangnou's permission I have revisited the comprehensive list he submitted yesterday and tried to see how his suggested themes/topics could be fitted into my list of five.  Some fit easily, others need a bit of a squeeze and perhaps others defy this pigeonholing. Comments please. Moderator. Dear all After discussions we had in the 1st phase, may I suggest following themes to be developed by PPR-GREN: 1.    Morbilliviruses in the 21-22nd centuries (Biology of the virus, phylogeny, lineages and distribution in small ruminant, wildlife, wild small ruminants):  could be developed by  an experts team designated from CIRAD, 

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Paul Rossiter
Fri, 21 Feb 2014 09:06:48 +0000
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Dear Paul: How about movement control and restriction plus bio-security measures including disinfection procedures which are essential in control and eradication programs. Thanks, Dr Darab Abdollahi. I fully agree that these are good "Best Practises" that we should employ in PPR control as for all infectious diseases.   Earlier in the conference I mentioned the difficulties we face with the rapid movement of sheep and goats over long distances. I also remember a tragic outbreak of severe cattle plague in northen Pakistan where the inhabitants of a village high in the mountains lost nearly all their cattle and yaks. They re-stocked too soon and 

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Paul Rossiter
Fri, 21 Feb 2014 08:03:45 +0000
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Dr Honhold writes with similar advice to Dr Kimani about the wider involvement of socio-economics in PPR control.  It can provide much more than simply $£ "Justification" for eradication. Moderator.     Dear All I think what Paul has suggested looks pretty good. I'd like to add a suggestion but am not sure where it will come. Socio-economic impact is one thing but I think we need also to focus on understanding the socio-economics of why and how people keep small ruminants. I see this as somewhat different because we need to be sure that the campaigns and control measures we develop fit in with the 

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Paul Rossiter
Fri, 21 Feb 2014 07:45:08 +0000
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Dear Colleagues, I am Akiko Kamata and I have worked in AGAH/EMPRES for 10 years which included collecting rinderpest literature for a database in mid 90s. I agree with Dr Mtui (contribution on Wednesday 19th February) on the need for more research into PPR. In 1995, when GREP started, there were > 5000 research publications on rinderpest available and relatively accessible. At that time, I could not easily reach articles published before the 1950s, especially those published in languages other than in English or French, and even so there were >5000. Nowadays even very old publications are available online. For PPR in 

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Paul Rossiter
Fri, 21 Feb 2014 07:31:05 +0000
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Dear Paul,   From a socio-economic perspective, it’s not only the theme of justification  which will benefit from detailed socio-economic analysis . Coordination and implementation will benefit from a socio-economic analyses  that focus on farming systems, livelihoods, value chains, incentives  for participation was as well looking at the cost-sharing/ co-funding based on distribution of benefits of control.   Lastly,  disease surveillance and vaccination strategieswill benefit from a cost-effectiveness  and response capacity analysis that will identify the best bet strategies.   Tabitha Kimani Socio-economist, FAO, Nairobi.   Thank you Tabitha. Would you recommend that Socio-economics be a Main Theme in its own 

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 20 Feb 2014 13:11:19 +0000
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Dear Paul,   Could “Capacity Building /Training” be included as a Theme – either as a stand-alone or as a sub-theme – perhaps under “Coordination and implementation of a global strategy”.   Chris Dr Chris Daborn TA CVA CPD Programme OIE Accredited PVS and Gap Analysis Expert TVS Ltd  PO Box 2403 - 00621, Nairobi, Kenya +254 715 907962 / skype:  chris.daborn [log in to unmask] / [log in to unmask] http://www.commonwealthvetassoc.org/CPD.html   As a sub- theme of coordination and implementation 200% yes! - Moderator
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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 20 Feb 2014 11:31:32 +0000
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Dear Colleagues, We have about ten contributions specifically concerning the main themes for PPR-GREN.  The emphasis from these submissions is shown in this next table. Laboratory research Epidemiology* Socio-economic impact Implementation Co-ordination Vaccine and related issues Diagnosis Contingency plans 7 10 8 7 7 7 7 2 *Includes Dr Richard Kock’s contribution on PPR in species other than sheep and goats. I have some suggestions for a limited number of thematic groups.  I think they incorporate the above, they are not cast in stone, and the number is not fixed. ·         Justification (for global progressive control of PPR) ·         Coordination and implementation of 

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Andrÿffffffffffffffffffffffe9 ngangnou
Wed, 19 Feb 2014 22:48:16 +0000
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Dear all

After discussions we had in the 1rst phase, may I suggest following themes to be developed:

Point 2: Some themes to be addressed by PPR-GREN

1. Morbilliviruses in the 21-22nd centuries (Biology of the virus, phylogeny, lineages and distribution in small ruminant, wildlife, wild small ruminants): could be developed by an experts team designated from CIRAD, Montpellier (France), IAEA, Vienna, (Austria), IAH (Pirbright, UK)
2. Current status of PPR: Distribution and nature (Africa, Near, Central Asia and Turkey): to be developed by an experts team from CIRAD, IAH in collaboration with AU-IBAR
3. Socio economic justification of PPR

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Paul Rossiter
Wed, 19 Feb 2014 15:46:23 +0000
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Dear Paul, Some of us will have overlapping interests. I hope we are not restricting one group person to contributing to the other group.   Dr. M. Afzal, D.V.M. M.Sc.(UAF), Ph.D.(USA) Project Coordinator (GCP/PAK/127/USA) Progressive Control of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in Pakistan FAO Pakistan Office, Park Road Islamabad Phone: 051-9255890           Fax: 051-9255891            Cell: 0346-8544161   Dear Dr Afzal, as I see it, the only restriction should be the amount of time that anyone wants or can afford to devote to the PPR-GREN. Each thematic group would be open to all interested parties.  We will need to reconsider this in week 5 when 

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Muhammad Akram
Wed, 19 Feb 2014 15:01:54 +0545
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Dear Colleagues,

Below are components and respective areas/action for PPR plan recommended by
SAARC delegates in a meeting:

Policy

Human resource;

Vaccination - coverage & frequency (mass, targeted, etc);

Vaccine bank;

Participation in regional strategy.

Institutional setup and capacity

building

institutional set up and institutional linkages /Implementing capacity;

Capacity building (human resource, lab reagents);

Research-local & regional knowledge generation;

Vaccine bank;

Outbreak Response / Contingency plan

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Paul Rossiter
Wed, 19 Feb 2014 09:15:04 +0000
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Dear All,   We are having quite a lot to say on seromonitoring.  Looking at the points actually made in the contributions I think that there is more agreement than disagreement about how this tool can be used.  However, we will not "sort out" seromonitoring in this e-conference, that is not its purpose.  What we have done is show that this is a subject requiring more discussion in the relevant thematic group of PPR-GREN, which should then provide a position on seromonitoring for the OIE-FAO TADs Joint Working Group on PPR to consider.  Therefore, having started this discussion I am now going to bring it to a close for 

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Getachew Gari
Tue, 18 Feb 2014 06:33:41 -0800
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Dear Colleagues I agree with Dr Rafiqul categories in which the themes are grouped in more related scopes although there are still some overlapping issues. With best regards   Getachew GARI (Ph.D) Vet. Epidemiologist National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC) P O Box 04, Sebeta Tel. 0113383561, 0113380895/94 Mobile: 0912019727
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Paul Rossiter
Tue, 18 Feb 2014 14:17:41 +0000
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Dear All, My apologies to everyone but, having told Dr David Ward that I would hold his contribution back for next week: "session 4 -Network to be inclusive or exclusive of other small ruminant diseases", I must have hit the "approve" key by mistake.  We are not actually opening this session now and I will continue to put on hold contributions coming in on this session topic  - including some responses to David's input relating to session 4.  They will be posted up at the start of next week.  I decided to retain David's ideas for session 4  because this was where I felt most emphasis lay, nevertheless, as 

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Paul Rossiter
Tue, 18 Feb 2014 13:43:37 +0000
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Dear All,   I would like to categories participants into three groups and they will work under the main thematic area:   A. Laboratory researcher 1. Vaccine and vaccination 2. Diagnostic tools B. Field researcher 1. Epidemiology 2. Seromonitoring 3. Sero-surveillance 4. Outbreak response   C. Policy makers/consultants 1. Policy 2. Monitoring & Evaluation 3. Socio-economic impact (Some good ideas here.  Comments please. - Moderator). ........................... Dr. Mohammad Rafiqul Islam Senior Scientific Officer & Director (In-charge) SAARC Regional Leading Diagnostic Laboratory for PPR (PPR-RLDL) Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh Phone: +88-01716350628 E-mail: [log in to unmask]
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Paul Rossiter
Tue, 18 Feb 2014 13:25:45 +0000
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Dear Conference,   The e-conference is timely and essential considering the huge socio-economic impact of PPR. Goat and sheep populations in most developing economies are essentially under extensive/ nomadic system of management/ rearing a practice that continues to make vaccination  and monitoring difficult if not impossible.  There is the added problem of expanding host range of PPR virus especially camels and wild ruminants. What about differentiating infected from vaccinated animals? Do we have the diagnostic facilities on ground? Definitely the proposed eradication programme is ambitious and should not be executed on the rinderpest eradication platform.   S.S.Baba, UNIMAID,  NIGERIA Dear 

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Paul Rossiter
Tue, 18 Feb 2014 05:59:12 +0000
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Dear Colleagues,   This weekend and again today I have received requests to join the conference from people working on PPR in a reknowned  PPR research laboratory.   If you are a member of the conference and working in a research institute or in a veterinary field programme could I please ask you to make one more effort to contact interested colleagues before it is too late for them to participate in a meaningful way.   Many thanks,   Moderator. 
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David Ward
Mon, 17 Feb 2014 08:50:16 -0800
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Paul,   I have been following your e-conference with great interest.  I would like to enter the following comments but use your judgment as to where they best fit.  Perhaps this response could fit in with your 13 Feb comment on seromonitoring along with those of Adyl Bachir and John Andersen.    David Ward Dushanbe/Almaty  ---------------------------------------------- Colleagues,   I am David Ward, a not so retired former FAO/AGAH staff member.  I wish to comment on two issues connected with PPR eradication strategy and recent comments.  First, is the value of serosurveillance and the second is to suggest that 'PPR eradication' 

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Paul Rossiter
Mon, 17 Feb 2014 15:46:39 +0000
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Dear Paul,   Taking ahead what Dr. Akram has pointed out as key components for a comprehensive plan for PPR. I was a participant in that meeting, representing Pakistan, was very keen to work on that points which may lead to develop a PCP (Progressive control pathwas) for PPR which will ultimately lead to eradication. As we see these points, all are important but we can specify them under following main headings on which PPR-GREN can work;   * Epidemiology (Reporting & Response) * Diagnosis * Vaccine and Vaccination * Policy and Political Will * Socio-economics Then we can decide the sub-sections under 

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Paul Rossiter
Mon, 17 Feb 2014 08:03:25 +0000
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Dear All,   I would like to furnish for your consideration/deliberation the following 10 essential components of a comprehensive plan for PPR which were suggested and agreed by the participants of a workshop held in December 2011 organized by RSU, FAO for SAARC countries located in Kathmandu, Nepal: 1. Policy 2. Institutional set up and Capacity building 3. Outbreak response and Contingency plan 4. Legislation 5. Epidemiology/surveillance /outbreak investigation/reporting/information sharing 6. Vaccine & vaccine production 7. Diagnosis (lab capacity) 8. Impact assessment in relation to food security and poverty alleviation 9. Advocacy & communication 10. Monitoring & Evaluation Regards Akram
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Paul Rossiter
Mon, 17 Feb 2014 07:52:42 +0000
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Dear All,   We are talking about several important dots (vaccine, diagnostic, paravet,…) which we need to connect for making the control or eradication of PPR  a success. For the purpose of better visibility of each dot  I would like to suggest to the moderator the following topics and each participant should specify the topic in the title of his or her message **.   •       Technology:  Development of vaccine and diagnostic test and use of vaccine and diagnostic test •       Epidemiology: Incidence, prevalence, period of occurrence, strain circulating, spread,……. •       Tools: Risk-based surveillance, risk analysis, network analysis, value chain analysis,…. •       

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Paul Rossiter
Mon, 17 Feb 2014 07:15:06 +0000
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Good Morning Conference, Today we begin week three and session two of the PPR-GREN e-conference in which we discuss and agree on the main themes to be addressed in PPR-GREN. At the start of the conference, before being inundated, I tried to categorize the contributions.   After just two days I had seven main themes and 33 sub-themes and there would have been many more if I had continued.   I will not list them here because it the job of our conference to develop these themes jointly. We propose to keep the number of themes to a manageable four or five; any more may 

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Paul Rossiter
Mon, 17 Feb 2014 06:55:38 +0000
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Dear All,   I am a former consultant with the GREP Secretariat and received my invitation to this e-conference with a lot of enthusiasm. Unfortunately I got lost in the process due to the fact that where I live in Cameroon the internet connection is a nightmare. However, whenever I can contribute I shall come in. I am quite happy to see all the valuable inputs and also amazed at the rate at which we are learning from this e-conference – thanks to the organizers.   In Cameroon, as in other African countries, small ruminants (sheep and goats) contribute a substantial 

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Gijs Van 't Klooster
Sun, 16 Feb 2014 17:35:33 +0300
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Dear all,

As everybody introduces him or herself, I would like to mention that I have
work for 8 years in the PARC project in Ethiopia, and after that in GREP
and the AU-IBAR PACE programme as sub-regional epidemiologist and I am
currently working as Livestock Team Leader at FAO Ethiopia.

I am sorry that the message has become a bit lengthy and also my excuses
for coming in quite late.

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Paul Rossiter
Sat, 15 Feb 2014 10:41:24 +0000
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Dear colleagues, I am not a PPR specialist so please excuse any mistake. I am working for Cirad and consider myself as a disease ecologist specialized on wildlife/domestic interfaces. I have been involved with Richard Kock during the last year of the PACE project as a wildlife expert, then with AIV issues in Africa and am based in Zimbabwe since 2006 working amongst other things on bTB, FMD and other diseases transmission between wildlife and cattle. I will be involved with Richard, Geneviève and many others on the IUEPPR project in Africa. As researchers, field veterinarians, animal health managers, farmers 

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Paul Rossiter
Sat, 15 Feb 2014 10:35:37 +0000
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Dear Colleagues, We have reached the end of the second week and of the first session of our e-conference.  I think we have had a valuable fortnight with nearly 170 contributions and responses from some 90 participants.   A large number of subjects relating to PPR and its virus have been covered and I will attempt to briefly summarize these on Monday when we start week 3 (Session -2 “Identification and prioritization of themes to be addressed by PPR-GREN”) in which we will revisit the subjects in a systematic manner,  and also in week 4 (session 3 - Identification of other 

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Paul Rossiter
Fri, 14 Feb 2014 14:32:02 +0000
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Dear All   My name is Siamak Zohari and I’m researcher at the National Veterinary Institute (SVA) in Sweden. We at the SVA together with colleagues from Mozambique are involved in European founded project; IUEPPR (coordinated by prof. Satya Parida, The Pirbright Institute (PI), Pirbright, UK). In this project we are trying to deal with several aspect of PPR including improved understanding of the epidemiology of peste-des-petits ruminants. First of all I would like to thank you all for sharing your experiences and for all valuable input. I agree with many of you that the e-conference has facilitates many exchange 

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ghulam sarwar sarwar
Fri, 14 Feb 2014 15:29:44 +0500
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Associated with disease.

Dear All,
I conducted a research to see the individual animal Sero-prevalence for PPR in different categories of animals. Total 910 serum samples were collected from 91 randomly selected villages from 11 districts of Sindh province of Pakistan (females=676, Males=234). Results of serology revealed that 22.5% female animals were Sero-positive and 19.7% male animals were Sero-positive. The reason may be that females are kept for longer period by the farmers. The same research also revealed that Adult animals (12-30 months) were 23.0% Sero-positive while Young animals (06-12 months) were 20.4% Sero-positive.
Dr. Ghulam Sarwar Shaikh
Former Director

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Paul Rossiter
Fri, 14 Feb 2014 10:18:02 +0000
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Dear Moderator, In responds to William's question.    The oculo-nasal swabs too were positive for PPR (RNA) even though at different percentage with the primers F1/F2 by Forsyth and Barrett, 1995 and different NP3/NP4 by Couacy-Hymann et al., 2002. Whereas both primers were able to pick the virus from buffy coat perhaps due to the fact that the virus is propagated in the lymphoid and epitheliod tissues that leads to leucopenia and immunosuppression .    I will love to attach the article for your perusal. Thank you > >Dear Moderator, > > >In responds to William's question.  >The oculo-nasal swabs 

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Paul Rossiter
Fri, 14 Feb 2014 09:49:34 +0000
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Dear moderator, respected colleagues,   may I raise a note of caution here, please. I would argue strongly against equating the discovery of viral RNA by RT-PCR with the presence of infectious virus, especially in late infection, or infection of vaccinated animals.   My observations are that infected cells produce vast amounts of viral RNA and protein, but much, much, less infectious virus (this overproduction of viral protein etc is a natural consequence of life as an RNA virus, but that is much too long a story). During recovery from infection, even abortive infection of a vaccinated animal, the shedding 

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Paul Rossiter
Fri, 14 Feb 2014 09:23:31 +0000
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Dear All This raises an interesting question. If we have a reliable thermostable vaccine that might survive ragged cold chains, can we move to making the vaccine available in endemic areas for livestock keepers and their health workers to purchase and have administered? It wouldn't work everywhere I know, but there may be places where it could. It would decrease the need for massive and hard to organise vaccine campaigns.    Nick Honhold BVSc MSc PhD MRCVS DipECVPH Independent veterinary epidemiologist This concept is very relevant because I don't think that we can expect public resources to do everything that will 

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Paul Rossiter
Fri, 14 Feb 2014 08:54:49 +0000
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Dear All, Yes I mean PPR virus detection by RT-PCR on buffy coats Regards           >Dear All, > >Yes I mean PPR virus detection by RT-PCR on buffy coats > >Regards > > >On 2/13/14, Paul Rossiter <[log in to unmask]> wrote: >> Dear Paul, >> >> My name is Pam Luka from the National Veterinary Research Institute, >> Vom Nigeria. I agreed with other colleagues on the need for post >> vaccination seromonitoring as an indicator of whether we are getting >> it right or not. The cost of that maybe much but the benefits are also >> 

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Paul Rossiter
Fri, 14 Feb 2014 08:51:51 +0000
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Dear Moderator   I have a question regarding Pam Luka’s observation that all of the buffy coats were positive for PPR (RNA).   Question: were any of the oculo-nasal swabs positive for PPR RNA which would seem to be a more important result (if confirmed) as it would suggest the ability to transmit the virus between animals ?  This is very relevant. Moderator.   Thank you   Dr William DUNDON  | Consultant Molecular Microbiologist APHL| Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture | Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications | International Atomic Energy Agency| IAEA Laboratories Seibersdorf | 

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Paul Rossiter
Fri, 14 Feb 2014 08:38:20 +0000
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Dear Fredrick and other collegues,   Thanks for the abstract. I have gone through the full paper and found it very useful to understand the epidemiology of PPR in the context of sero-prevalence of PPRV antibodies in small ruminants in Tanzania,  persistence / spread of infection, effective reproduction number and threshold level required for PPR control leading to eradication. I strongly believe in conducting such studies at national/regional level because the results /output would guide the policy and operational level decisions while saving the undue cost likely to incur otherwise on possibly inappropriate intervention(s) in the field. More over vaccine 

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Paul Rossiter
Fri, 14 Feb 2014 08:22:54 +0000
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Dear Moderator > >My name is Dr Therese Danho. I work in the central laboratory, which is in Bingerville Côte d'Ivoire. > >I would like to contribute to reach an effective control of PPR in infected regions. For me, we should use the following suggestions: >1- Make the census of small ruminants (sheeps and goats) > >2- Note the periods of disease outbreaks after a correct diagnosis in each country during the year. >3- Start the vaccination campaign before the period known as disease outbreak occurrence. Carry out a correct and wide vaccination and mark vaccinated animals. >4- Advise farmers 

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Paul Rossiter
Fri, 14 Feb 2014 08:13:38 +0000
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Dear All, >  >Maybe females are reared for longer period than males and therefore higher in proportion. Males are culled for want of meat. >  >regards, >R.P.Singh >Dr. R.P.Singh,  >Principal Scientist, Division of Biological Products, >Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar,  >Bareilly-243 122 (Uttar Pradesh), >India > >Alternate email: [log in to unmask] >Mobile:+91-9412360917 >  >----- Original Message ----- >>From: Paul Rossiter >>Sent: 02/13/14 11:10 PM >>To: [log in to unmask] >>Subject: From Dr Somia Taha on issues where research can help control of PPR  >>Dear Colleagues >>I would like to propose the following ways in which research can help on disease control: >>The finding of the research: >>·        Animal movement is playing a  big role in disease distribution:  if we control the 

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Paul Rossiter
Fri, 14 Feb 2014 08:02:00 +0000
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Dear All, In my opinion the specificity of a Diagnostic PCR needs to be analysed very critically, because of its over sensitiity. regards, R.P.Singh Dr. R.P.Singh,  Principal Scientist, Division of Biological Products, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar,  Bareilly-243 122 (Uttar Pradesh), India Alternate email: [log in to unmask] Mobile:+91-9412360917
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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 13 Feb 2014 17:40:00 +0000
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Dear Colleagues I would like to propose the following ways in which research can help on disease control: The finding of the research: ·        Animal movement is playing a  big role in disease distribution:  if we control the animal movement it can help on disease control. ·        Identification of the risk area where is the disease is highly prevalence. ·        The disease has negative impact on the country GDP. ·        The sex is highly significant associated with disease (the female is highly significant than male.)     More information on this point please - Moderator.  ·        High vegetation area and water points is 

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 13 Feb 2014 16:38:25 +0000
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Dear Paul, My name is Pam Luka from the National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom Nigeria. I agreed with other colleagues on the need for post vaccination seromonitoring as an indicator of whether we are getting it right or not. The cost of that maybe much but the benefits are also going to be a kind of "post vaccination positive/negative control". After the reported PPR outbreak and in the Karamoja region, Uganda in 2006 even thought Wanwayi et al.,1995 reported the the presence of antibodies from repository samples collected in the 1980s. Where did the virus go then? Perhaps it vanished 

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 13 Feb 2014 16:22:03 +0000
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Dear colleagues,   To let you know that we have attempted to estimate the basic and effective reproductive ratio for Tanzania. Details can be found in the following link. http://www.ojvr.org/index.php/ojvr/article/view/593   Fredrick   Fred - I have taken the liberty of copying the abstract from this paper and pasting it below for everyone to read more easily. Moderator    "Peste des petits ruminants virus, which causes a severe disease in sheep and goats, has only recently been officially declared to be present in Tanzania. An epidemiological study was carried out between September 2008 and October 2010 to investigate the incursion, 

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 13 Feb 2014 16:07:52 +0000
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Dear Moderator, I would like to suggest that our strategy in this vision may contain some of the following points:          A: For PPR diagnosis and surveillance: * get countries organised in groups per continent (Central Africa, West  Africa, East, etc. for Africa and so on ...) * have a programme for each group of countries according to livestock activities (free range, intensive system, etc.) * Identify diagnostic labs in each group that can play a role of regional lab based capacity and ability (FAO may a classification under RESOLAB for some countries, no...), and also in each country for national labs * attach each regional lab to 

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 13 Feb 2014 12:31:09 +0000
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Dear All I am Aamer Bin Zahur working on the epidemiology, diagnosis and progressive control of PPR in Pakistan. first of all i  must say that the e-conference idea has facilitated  interesting exchange of many experiences and findings regarding PPR control. I want to share observations with all the colleagues.  It was observed that several outbreaks initiated after the introduction of new animals in to the flock however, those newly introduced animals remained unaffected during the entire course of outbreak. Furthermore it was also observed that some of the outbreaks occurred two to three weeks after the introduction of animals in 

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 13 Feb 2014 10:20:00 +0000
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To put the other point of view. Slightly and deliberately Devil's advocate but hopefully it will stimulate the argument. I think post-vaccination sero-surveillance is important, but not in order to respond to immediately but to identify and correct problems before the next vaccination campaign. It should not be expensive compared to the cost of the vaccination campaign,only a few per cent of that cost if it is properly designed and carried out i.e. not a blanket sampling but a planned representative sample. We recently did this for brucellosis vaccination in small ruminants in Albania and the cost was not high 

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 13 Feb 2014 09:31:48 +0000
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Dear Colleagues,   Although mentioned once or twice in passing we haven't heard much about seromonitoring during the conference.   As some participants know I am not greatly in favour of seromonitoring as a general follow-up to vaccination campaigns.  It is expensive, the results usually arrive too late to be of use, and when they do arrive in time there are insufficient resources for a re-vaccination.  I know it has an important role in disease investigation where vaccine failure is a possibility and is obviously needed for epidemiological studies but as a routine accompaniment  to vaccination.....mmm?  In rinderpest eradication we did a lot of sero-monitoring but 

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 13 Feb 2014 08:54:32 +0000
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Dear Peter,   I agree with Satya, vaccine and vaccination are not main key element right now, it should be focused of epidemiology, diagnosis (especially rapid field test) and training. most of outbreaks reported clinically and up to 30% are not PPR. thanks   Darab abdollahi DVM Deputy Director of Bureau of Animal Health and Disease Management Iran Veterinary Organization (IVO)  Vali  Asr Avenue, Seyd Jamaledin Asad Abadi Street Tehran 6349,  Islamic Republic of Iran
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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 13 Feb 2014 08:45:51 +0000
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Dear Dr Abdollahi,   Welcome to the conference and please accept my apology for the delay in posting up your contributions. I wrote to you on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday about some editorial changes. In the absence of a reply I have decided to carry on and distribute your edited inputs to the conference knowing that they will be well received. I hope that my involvement has not weakened their impact.   I will also post up the other responses that you have made to participants' questions and answers.   -   Kind regards, Moderator.   Contribution 1.    Dear All,   My name 

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 13 Feb 2014 08:35:00 +0000
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Dear all,   It's a good question. Yes at the time of RP vaccination, most of the veterinarians recommend to use RP vaccine in sheep and goat vaccination even though homologues PPR vaccine was available, so RP vaccination suppressed PPR prevalence in the area , another evidence is increasing PPR outbreaks recently in most of part following RP eradication and cessation of RP vaccination.   thanks Darab abdollahi DVM Deputy Director of Bureau of Animal Health and Disease Management Iran Veterinary Organization (IVO)  Vali  Asr Avenue, Seyd Jamaledin Asad Abadi Street Tehran 6349,  Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Simon Dickmu
Wed, 12 Feb 2014 18:17:50 +0000
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Dear Mr Moderator,
I think to effectively control and eventual eradication of PPR will require that lessons be learnt from Rinderpest eradication. I am aware that FAO within the GREP contracted some consultants who did some work on the weakness , strong points and lessons learnt from Rinderpest eradication. I think these documents could be exploited. Furthermore, PPR eradication would warrant a very good quality and protective vaccine, Good diagnostic tools, and Regional control programs (e.g. Pan African control of Epizootics :PACE during the RP eradication). Good research results are needed also to convince donor for financing such programs. If

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Andrÿffffffffffffffffffffffe9 ngangnou
Wed, 12 Feb 2014 13:29:44 +0000
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Dear all,

Please, note that PPR LAMP technique has been implemented in some laoratories, but need to be validated by OIE, as the processus is on going. If more explanations need to be detailed with regard to the assay procedure, please, contact h.unger@iaiea or [log in to unmask]

Many thanks

Ngangnou
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Paul Rossiter
Wed, 12 Feb 2014 13:18:33 +0000
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Dear Colleagues,   There have been messages referring to the thermostable PPR vaccine developed at ILRI. I thought it may be helpful to describe the approach, some of the principle results and the current status of the vaccine.   We embarked on a comparison of methods described in the literature as having been applied to the thermostablization of morbillivirus vaccines. These included the Thermovac method used to thermostablize RP vaccine based on the use of lactalbumin hydrolysate and sucrose stabilizer and a gentle lyophilization cycle that lasted 72 hours and achieved a product with 1% residual moisture (Mariner et al., 

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Serge Nietche
Wed, 12 Feb 2014 12:46:42 +0100
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Dear Moderator,

I would like to share with the group the following link: http://www.iaea.org/technicalcooperation/Home/Highlights-Archive/Archive-2012/crops-food/12102012-cameroon.html
Few months ago, I saw this information on the web side of IAEA and I am wondering whether folks from IAEA can provide us with more information about this test. Is the LAMP PCR has been validated?

Thank you,

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Paul Rossiter
Wed, 12 Feb 2014 09:31:06 +0000
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Paul Can I just say that I was really trying to make two points. Firstly, that if all countries where PPR is presently endemic raise the small ruminant immunity level to a level where transmission is halted then eradication will have been achieved, but this elevation must be done at the same time across the board. Failure to synchronise such a vaccination effort will result in an endemic focus persisting somewhere within the spread of participating territories and a subsequent return to widespread endemicity. While not directly involved, I do not see finance or domestic policy priorities stepping up for another 

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Paul Rossiter
Wed, 12 Feb 2014 08:57:25 +0000
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Dear Colleagues,   I really enjoyed very hot discussions on vaccine and vaccine coverage that lead me to put a question to the forum: "As to what is herd immunity for PPR and its implication to vaccine coverage and has any one worked on estimation of basic reproduction number (R0) and or effective reproduction number (Re) of PPR epidemics"?   I think answers to these question will help us in proceeding further in the PPR control/ eradication.   Akram   One or two contributors have touched on this. I don't think we have calculated R0 for PPR yet but I 

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Paul Rossiter
Wed, 12 Feb 2014 08:18:56 +0000
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Dear Paul,   I would like to request for opinion on vaccination in the face of the outbreak of PPR in the herd. Dr. M. Afzal Project Coordinator FAO Pakistan, Islamabad In my opinion vaccination of infected and at-risk flocks/herds with good quality PPR vaccine stops transmission very quickly with new clinical cases  ceasing after one or two weeks.  If PPR vaccine is like RP vaccine (an assumption I know) then it provides protective imunity through non-specific mechanisms like interference within 2-3 days, and detectable specific antibody within 5-6 days (VN tests).  More answers please. Moderator.  
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Paul Rossiter
Wed, 12 Feb 2014 08:01:58 +0000
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Dear All My apologies for my late participation. This seems to be an excellent discussion. From what I have read, I have a few responses and some new questions to raise. I agree that we have the technical tools in terms of vaccines and tests to undertake PPR control and eradication. And suspect that if it doesn't already exist, a thermostable vaccine could be produced using a similar method to that used for RP. Or am I wrong about that? If it already exists or can be produced, that may be a key step. Joining late it can be difficult  

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Paul Rossiter
Wed, 12 Feb 2014 06:41:52 +0000
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Dear Colleagues, My name is  Eunice  Ndung’u and I am currently working  at Veterinary Research  Centre, Muguga,  Kenya Agricultural  Research  Institute.  I wish to thank the GF TADs PPR Working Group for registering me to the PPR-GREN E-conference. Valuable inputs to ongoing PPR E-conference have been made by various contributors. In addition to inputs already made, the proposed strategy for PPR eradication process should also take into consideration the following: 1) Coordinated technology transfer to all network laboratories:-Collaborations between well developed international laboratories and other laboratories should be strengthened or established where they are nonexistent. This will facilitate technology transfer 

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Paul Rossiter
Tue, 11 Feb 2014 14:53:11 +0000
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Dear Moderator, Just one question to be raised: Would it be easy to put PPR to an end without stamping out policy? Best regards Wade   Director of National Veterinary Laboratory (LANAVET) Annex Head of the Laboratory Yaounde - Cameroon Consultant Animal Production and Health Laboratory Joint FAO/IAEA’S Laboratory, Seibersdorf Nuclear Sciences and Application International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) A-1400 Vienna, Austria E.mail. [log in to unmask](IAEA office only)             [log in to unmask](personal) -- Dr Abel WADE (DVM, MSc, PhD in View)
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Paul Rossiter
Tue, 11 Feb 2014 14:33:10 +0000
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Dear Colleagues, Dr Taylor and Dr Kivaria have raised pertinent question. I would like to list the following points in support of PPR control programme. 1. The example of Rinderpest eradication is in front of us. It has given us a hope that we can take up  other diseases for eradication. In India, National PPR control programme (I am not sure when it will be termed eradication programme) has been taken up in 2010. I strongly believe that successful RP eradication was sufficiently convincing to policy makers to start PPR control programme. Definitely cost-benefit of PPR control would have been 

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Paul Rossiter
Tue, 11 Feb 2014 13:18:14 +0000
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Dear Colleagues,   I am Suresh Basagoudanavar from Indian Veterinary Research Institute.  I do agree with Dr Bill Taylor in that we need to cover 100% with vaccine especially in endemic regions to block virus transmission. It is for a good cause that public money is/will be utilized. It is not just the economic point of view, but more important is the health of the animals that we live with.  I don't have figures but lot of money being spent worldwide, to control FMD (which is not that life threatening). In comparison, PPR control may involve, I guess, one-third that cost. In the long run, 

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Paul Rossiter
Tue, 11 Feb 2014 12:39:54 +0000
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Dear Peter,   I agree with your comments. When Bill or we said about the sufficient vaccine doses are required, we do not forget about the epidemiology and sero-survey. As you mentioned they are must require. But the vaccine doses are key. If you think of the current situation, many countries till date have not used vaccine to control the disease and have no contingency plan yet to use vaccine soon in future as financially and technically they are not sound to prepare and use it. Therefore they need help for supply of vaccine doses extraneously.   Regards Satya
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Paul Rossiter
Tue, 11 Feb 2014 12:01:53 +0000
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PPR in Sudan I am happy to see your valuable inputs. I am just highlighting the PPR control in Sudan. The disease was first reported and confirmed in Sudan in 1971 in the Eastern part of the country (Gedarif area). Thereafter, outbreaks were reported from all over the country. For the period 2000-2007, the disease was reported in many parts of the country, with the highest number of outbreaks (43.6%) reported in east Sudan (Kassala and Gedarif), bordering with Ethiopia and Eritrea, followed by Khartoum (19.5%), River Nile State (17.4%) and the rest of the States accounting for 19.5%. Then 

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Paul Rossiter
Tue, 11 Feb 2014 10:01:30 +0000
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  Dear Colleagues,   I am quite happy that we are learning a lot from this e-conference – thanks to the organizers. Going through participations coming to us, I would like to summaries my comments in addition to those in my own contributions already circulated.   1. PPR in Yemen was first diagnosed in 2000 (I mean the first virus isolation) from an imported Somali animal. This isolate was sequenced in the Reference lab (Pirbright- UK) as linage III. I think 1-2 years later the government started vaccination against PPR using Nig75/1 vaccine (some information about limited use RP vaccine for small ruminants 

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Paul Rossiter
Tue, 11 Feb 2014 09:00:32 +0000
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I concur with the questions from Drs Taylor and Kivaria. The word “endemic” has been mentioned several times through this forum and it seems like the assumption behind the “endemic” means high mortality. It is a mistake to think that way because a disease can be endemic with a low incidence and high morality or high incidence and low mortality or low incidence and low mortality. It is good to know that in Africa, 33 countries out of 54 have reported the disease in 2012 and I am wondering whether those countries can provide incidence information among others, but key 

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Paul Rossiter
Tue, 11 Feb 2014 08:48:09 +0000
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A challenge for those of you with a molecular bent - Moderator.   Dear All, As far as I know there is no multiplex Real-time RT-qPCR which detects PPR and PPR-like diseases (as individual agent or  co-infections) in a single tube. Therefore I think further scientific researches must include a multiplex real time (RT)-qPCR which can detect PPR, BT, BDV, pox,contagious ecthyma and FMD viruses (and Beta-Actin internal control to check extraction and also PCR mix) in a single tube  (or double). In current technology because generally Real-time PCR machines let us detect 5 different dyes, it is theoretically possible to detect 4 diseases and 1 internal control 

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Charles Hoots
Sun, 9 Feb 2014 23:30:03 -0800
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Dear All,   I am Charles Hoots, a veterinarian with VSF-Germany working mostly in South Sudan.     PPR eradication is largely proposed and justified on the basis of the success of the earlier Rinderpest eradication campaign. Given the similarities between the two diseases, this seems quite logical.    Learning about Rinderpest eradication inspired me to become a veterinarian, so don’t get me wrong – I am a huge fan!  But when considering the role of public finances to eradicate PPR, I wonder: if governments and donors had known beforehand how much it would cost to eradicate Rinderpest, would they have 

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Paul Rossiter
Sun, 9 Feb 2014 19:16:00 +0000
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Dear Colleagues, Dr Bill Taylor, who is very well known to most of us,  made a striking challenge in his contribution. He suggested that unless we use vaccine sufficiently widely and thoroughly to stop transmission of the virus in its endemic heartlands (moderator's summary) then we are simply going to help virus perpetuation. Therefore,  "why waste public resources vaccinating?" The idea received support from Dr Kivaria who went even further to say that perhaps we should just live with the disease.  I wonder how many of us think the same?    Would some of you like to comment on Dr Taylor's and Dr Kivaria's suggestions giving us feedback on how you see public 

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Paul Rossiter
Sun, 9 Feb 2014 18:14:34 +0000
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Dear Colleagues, (1) Thanks to those of you who sent in answers to Dr Ithondeka’s question.  I am not sure that we have fully answered it and, since one of my jobs as moderator is to stimulate discussion or stir things up a bit, I  am going to put my head on the block with a few thoughts on the subject.  The original question relates to the apparent upsurge in the distribution of PPR in many parts of the Old World at or just after the eradication of rinderpest from the same territories.  What I think is the underlying concern is 

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fatih barut
Sat, 8 Feb 2014 05:39:22 -0800
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Dear All, I am not sure whether it is widely used or not however heat indicator labels can be used to track the heat exposures over a vaccine. A label with different colors and different chemicals on it can show the heat exposure. I tried to demonstrate it in the drawing below. http://imageshack.com/a/img843/6878/t5b8.jpg   ---   With my Best Wishes   M.Fatih BARUT D.V.M PhD Virological Diagnosis Lab. Etlik Central Veterinary Control and Research Institute Kecioren / ANKARA /TURKEY 06020
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Paul Rossiter
Fri, 7 Feb 2014 16:25:13 +0000
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Dear Colleagues,   We must increase the immune resistance of susceptible animals to PPR, in order to reduce the shedding of PPRV in infected or exposed animals. For this, an efficient vaccine and vaccination should be the main parts of the strategy,beside,a continues surveillance and monitoring for early warning. Other epidemiological principles for control and eradications of the disease are essential and  could be adopted easy in urban areas, but not in remote nomads area.For example, it is impossble( or could not be easy) to prevent contact between PPRV and susceptible animals in nomads or agropastoralist areas due to their continues 

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Paul Rossiter
Fri, 7 Feb 2014 15:58:53 +0000
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Dear Colleagues, When we first developed PPR Sungri/96 vaccine, during the initial field evaluation of vaccine we observed goats were better sero-converters than Sheep. In a study involving more than 500 post-vaccinate sera samples in each of the species, we observed 98% sero-conversion in goats and 83% in sheep. Even the VN titer was lesser in sheep than goats (eg., most of the goats had 1:64 to 1:128 and sheep it was 1:32 to 1:64). PPR Sungri/96 virus which was used to develop attenuated vaccine was originally rescued from post-mortem samples from a goat died in the PPR outbreak. Does 

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Paul Rossiter
Fri, 7 Feb 2014 15:50:26 +0000
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Dear Colleagues, We have reached the end of the first week of the conference and many thanks go to the fifty or so participants who submitted contributions and/or follow-up comments. By and large the positive and negative factors being flagged and discussed are ones that have been foreseen and prioritized in other fora, which means we are all on the right track.  Encouragingly we have had a good balance between ideas and experience from field workers and policy makers as well the laboratory gurus.  Initial contributions tended to concentrate on vaccination but after a reminder from Dr Nzeitcheung  we started to 

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Banyard, Ashley
Fri, 7 Feb 2014 11:47:57 -0000
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Hi all,

By way of introduction my name is Ashley Banyard and have worked with
morbilliviruses for over 14 years now having initially studied in the
laboratory of the late Prof Tom Barrett at the (then) IAH and now in my
current post at the Weybridge labs (AHVLA) in the UK. To those of you I
know through previous meetings, I hope you all are well. To those of you
I don't know, I'm pleased to see you share a passion for the fight
against this virus. I must say so far the e-conference idea has
facilitated many interesting exchanges.

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OULAI Jonas
Fri, 7 Feb 2014 11:02:40 +0100
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Bonjour;
Je suis OULAI Jonas de la Direction des Services Vétérinaires de la Côte d'Ivoire et je me réjouie de cette plate forme d'échanges d'opinions, d'expériences acquis dans la lutte contre la PPR. Pour cette première partie de ce forum, je voudrais partager notre expérience dans ce domaine.
J'avoue que je suis, avec beaucoup d’intérêt, les interventions des uns et des autres et je voudrais ici remercier les Chercheurs, les Enseignants et Professionnels de terrains qui nous apprennent beaucoup de choses.
J'apprécie et salue tous nos aînés qui ont abattu un travail énorme pour éradiquer la Peste Bovine dans le

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Emmanuel Couacy-Hymann
Fri, 7 Feb 2014 09:55:27 +0000
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Dear Colleagues,PPR as the next viral disease to be eradicated is a great idea and achieveable objective in a quite short time to compare to RP because we have learnt a lot about RP and its package of control strategies and policies.
Different points have been highlighted during this e-conference regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, control with current vaccine or thermotolerant vaccine.From my expereince , PPR remains endemic in sub-saharian countries where it is reported on a regular basis mainly during the rainy season and this idease is quite well known by farmers/owners even though some confusion can occur with other

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bachir
Fri, 7 Feb 2014 10:06:57 +0100
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Dear Colleagues:I am very glad to participate in this forum. I want to take this occasion to congratulate the organisator for this excellent initiative.I consider that the PPR control or eradication program require global or continental approach . I am very agree with Dr H Boussini from AU-IBAR that a cordinated and harmonized approach is needed accross the continent for the effective contol and eradication of the disease.We don't forget the importance of the national veterinary laboratory contibution.Best regards.The CVO of Chad 

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fatih barut
Fri, 7 Feb 2014 00:35:38 -0800
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Dear all, Before the seminar ends I just want to share my ideas about antiviral approaches and share non official result of a simple experiment. Viruses have an envelope made of cell membrane. They have a core, made of protein and spikes, made of glycoproteins which are molecularly similar to our (mammalian) structures. Therefore if we try to kill them with a chemical or a physical agent that means we also harm ourselves. (Thats why we don't have widely used effective antiviral drug till now). On the other hand, as  much more organized beings we have ability of regeneration and hemostasis which 

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Chrisostom Ayebazibwe
Fri, 7 Feb 2014 10:33:23 +0300
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Dear Moderator and Colleagues

Thank you for the opportunity to participate in this forum. I am very
confident that the history of PPR can be found in the next 10 - 20 years if
concerted efforts can roll progressively.

I am Dr. Ayebazibwe Chrisostom, a Senior Veterinary Officer, Ministry of
Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries in Uganda. I gained interest in
PPR after the first outbreak in Uganda in 2007 and since then I have been
involved in its diagnostics, epidemiology, research and control programmes.

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BALAMURUGAN V
Fri, 7 Feb 2014 08:19:25 +0100
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A PPR is still a poorly recognized disease, particularly with regard to epidemiological features such as transmission dynamics under different production systems. Hence, great deal of more research into this aspect of the disease is required.

Moreover, the fact that PPRV can infect cattle, buffaloes and camels gives PPR an even higher priority, particularly in the current situation where vaccination against rinderpest in cattle has been stopped.

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 6 Feb 2014 19:10:54 +0000
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Dear all,   It's a pleasure for me to join the forum. My name is Geneviève Libeau; an experience of more than 25 years in PPR diagnosis, thus having on my side a huge amount of anti-PPR antibodies, I am sure!! Going through the last messages, I am convinced as said by Michael that:   - DIVA vaccines and companion diagnostic tests would be ideal tools for emergency vaccination in case of the occurrence of an outbreak in a PPR free country and would be the most realistic and cheapest measure than a stamping out policy leading to the destruction 

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 6 Feb 2014 17:05:49 +0000
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Dear Colleagues,   If I correctly understand the situation we are in it is that the international authorities see PPR as an eradicable disease but wish to see that accomplished by progressing progressive control.   I'm sure PPR is a relatively easily eradicable disease. The point at issue is whether to follow a "big bang" pathway with lots of mass vaccination campaigns or follow a more intelligent pathway based on trying to understand and impinge on the mechanisms by which the virus is entrenched as an endemic infection across very important small ruminant populations.   At this point there are several issues 

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BALAMURUGAN
Thu, 6 Feb 2014 16:46:20 +0100
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Dear All,

I am Dr.V.Balamurugan, Veterinary Virologist, working in this PPR research area since 2004.
At present working in NIVEDI-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, ICAR, Bangalore, India, in the epidemiology and diagnostics aspects and also attempting to assess the economic impact of the PPR in sheep and goats in India.
I really surprised to see such a useful research e-conference, launched recently. Under this umbrella we can share our wonderful experiences, which will help in learning much about PPR in different countries.
with regards
Bala
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Geneviève Libeau
Thu, 6 Feb 2014 13:57:05 +0100
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Dear colleagues,

To my point of view in answer to Dr Ithondeka's question: A key issue to
address is why PPR resurgence now? Is it true that rinderpest
vaccination suppressed PPR?

theses reasons might be invoked: 1) long-time negligence or
inattentiveness to the small-ruminant health sector in all the countries
now enzootic for the disease, leading to a lack of performing
diagnostic; 2) increasing size and mobility of small-ruminant
populations; 3) cessation of rinderpest circulation, which is generally
mild in small ruminants and which the cross-reactive antibodies allowed
for an additional gain in protection.

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 6 Feb 2014 12:03:53 +0000
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Dear Colleagues,   At IBET we have been involved, together with CIRAD (Dr. Geneviève Libeau) in increasing the thermal stability of the current PPR vaccine. This started with the EU MARKVAC project and continued more recently with the frame of the VACNADA project from GALVMED.   A candidate formulation (Tris/Trehalose) for PPR vaccine using the Nig75/1 strain has been evaluated at IBET and transferred to one of the vaccine producing laboratories, NVI in Ethiopia (Dr. Martha Yami). All the collected results have showed that changing the vaccine formulation from the Weybridge medium to a Tris/Trehalose formulation increases the thermal stability 

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 6 Feb 2014 12:00:08 +0000
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Dear colleagues,  The question is very pertinent, and in a way may form the basis for discussions and as part of the solution.   My thinking is that much of what we know is partially due to improved diagnostics and reporting. PPR was for the first time suspected around 1999/2000 (I stand to be corrected) in Tanzania, but all samples screened were  negative. However, when some of these samples were re-tested in 2010, antibodies against PPRV were detected in at least 23% of the tested samples (we have observed similar outcomes with diseases such as RVF). On the other hand, 

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 6 Feb 2014 11:49:31 +0000
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Dear Colleagues,   I'm Dr. Severin Loul.   I work at the Department of Veterinary Services of Cameroon. I am the Consultant in aid of the programme to fight against PPR in Cameroon. I am pleased to contribute to this forum to present my experience to this disease.    PPR is endemic in my country. It is the main disease that threatens the livestock and small ruminants.  A survey I conducted in the ten regions of my country indicates an overall prevalence of 36%.    Cameroon is divided into ten regions and the prevalence varies by area from 7% to 67%. (Antibodies I assume - mod) Some 

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fatih barut
Thu, 6 Feb 2014 03:47:52 -0800
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Dear all, In my first message I was trying to explain how we can simulate a recovered animal. As it is known, animal is called -recovered and protected- 21 days after successful vaccination or recovery from illness. That animal has enough amount of polyclonal neutralizing antibodies in its blood and also enough amount of PPR specific T and B lymphocyte clone members. (of course also bunch of interleukins and macrophages but because they are not specific to PPR I don't mention them) I am just trying to say if we can find a way to transfer (transfusion) of these cells 

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 6 Feb 2014 10:25:23 +0000
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Dear colleagues: I am very glad to read your contributions and comments. From my experiences as a veterinarian working for Sudan government and a currently a researcher in PPR epidemiology for three years, I supposed that PPR eradication could be possible, if we could achieve the following;  First: Revising all the published researches that investigat PPR epidemiology, to address the risk factors which associated with the disease in particular the climatic and ecological factors in general and for a region or a country and even a state. In my country Sudan we have  sheep and goats reared in open pastures within different ecological zones with different 

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 6 Feb 2014 09:51:12 +0000
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Dear Colleagues,    We are up and running with contributions coming from all over the globe and many of them eliciting thoughtful responses.   To help speed up things at my end I would like to go over how best to send in these contributions.     1). The quickest way for me, and you, is to type everything straight onto an email and send this email directly to the Conference site at <[log in to unmask]> , copying it to both <[log in to unmask]> and <[log in to unmask]> .  These messages will arrive at the moderator's site on the conference website  and also in my in-tray;   I can read 

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 6 Feb 2014 09:12:31 +0000
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Dear  colleagues,   This is Dr. Rafique from Bangladesh. I am working as Director (I/C) in SAARC Regional Leading Diagnostic Laboratory for PPR under Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Dhaka.   Goat farming is a common feature for the vast majority of Bangladesh rural households where on average four to five small stock is reared. The predominant breed is the Black Bengal, which is highly prolific with an average kidding rate 280 kids per 100 adult female goats. Bangladesh is one of the top ten goat producing countries in the world. The vast majority (over 80%) of the sheep and goats 

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 6 Feb 2014 08:48:26 +0000
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Thanks Dr. Paul. > >The PPRV (PPRV/Nanakpur/2012) I talked about was isolated in beginning of 2012 from a farmers goatherd, a few months after I started my job at the Goat Institute where I am currently working. Indeed it was my first outbreak but the the affected animals exhibited all the symptoms of PPR, like those described in the text book (Tongue lesions, nasal and ocular discharge, diarrhoea, pneumonia). My senior colleagues who went with me as well as myself were pretty much convinced that it was due to PPRV. >The farmers had about 125 animals (mostly sheep/goats as well 

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huyam salih
Thu, 6 Feb 2014 00:30:17 -0800
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 Dear colleagues: I am very glad to read your contributions and comments. From my experiences as a veterinarian working for Sudan government and a currently a researcher in PPR epidemiology for three years, I supposed that PPR eradication could be possible, if we could achieve the following; First: Revising all the published researches that investigat PPR epidemiology, to address the risk factors which associated with the disease in particular the climatic and ecological factors in general and for a region or a country and even a state[ In my country Sudan we have sheep and goats reared in open pastures 

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 6 Feb 2014 08:17:27 +0000
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Dear Colleagues number of colleagues talked about the Paravets or CAHW, here i would like to share Yemen experience in this issue. first we here agreed about the following: 1) to use the term Community Animal Heath Workers (CAHW), as really they come form the community and working with community. therefore all CAHW should be selected from the community and by involving the community in the selection process. full selection criteria were identified 2) the training provided to them in the past was not enough no clear curriculum (1-2 weeks maximum 3 weeks), therefore we here solved this problems: a) 

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 6 Feb 2014 08:01:48 +0000
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Dear all  PPR Vaccination was carried out recently in Pastoral and agro-pastoral ecosystem of Southern and Eastern parts of Ethiopia as part of Global PPR progressive control program with the support of the technical partner FAO, SHARE project, Ethiopia. However, in the rest part of the country where smallholder crop-livestock production system is prevailing, the operation will be continued in the future based on the experience gained from this. The experience so far obtained through the present vaccination work showed that sustainable maintenance of cold-chain during transportation, storage and vaccination of the live attenuated PPR vaccine was a critical challenge 

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 6 Feb 2014 07:52:23 +0000
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Good morning everyone and welcome to the fourth day of the conference,   I think the potential value of a/the network is beginning to show itself through the number of replies and interest in several of the contributions but one question has slipped through the cracks. Many emails ago Dr Peter Ithondeka asked the conference the following "A key issue to address is why PPR resurgence now? Is it true that rinderpest vaccination suppressed PPR?".  Dr Ithondeka is not alone in this concern but so far no one has replied. Are there a few of you out there who are willing to have a go at answering this 

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Srinivas BP
Thu, 6 Feb 2014 07:36:27 +0530
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Dear Colleagues,

My name is B.P.Sreenivasa from Indian veterinary Research Institute,
currently working on Foot-and-mouth disease. I would like to express my
view in this e-conference as a past PPR researcher. My experience is
limited to contribution in development and evaluation of live-attenuated
PPR vaccine Sungri/96 and PPR diagnostics as mentioned by Dr.R.P.Singh in
one of the posts.

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Mansoor Al Qadasi
Wed, 5 Feb 2014 17:32:12 +0100
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I fully agree with my friend Karim Tounkara about the factors influencing the PPR control. in addition to those technical factors, good to mention also other factors or we can say challenges such as animal movement control within the countries and also between the countries, vaccination coverage that lead to protected flock immunity and the resources that should be allocated to control the disease.
other point that i would like to mentioned as a lesson learned for the RP eradication process , we should have clear pathway and standardized procedures both for the labs including reagents and SOPs and field

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Paul Rossiter
Wed, 5 Feb 2014 13:59:19 +0000
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  Dear All, Just want to mention something. I am little bit against vaccination and instead support to increase individual cell mediated specific immunity with the help of Transfer Factor and neutralizing monoclonal antibody cocktail transfusions. As a little reminder, in our situation,Transfer Factors are PPR specific T and B- Lymphocytes extracts and their interleukins which we produce in-vivo or in-vitro. And monoclonal antibodies for cocktail are Anti-F (which is against fusion protein of the virus and inhibits the virus to enter cell) and Anti-H (which is against hemagglutinin protein of the virus and inhibits virus to hold erythrocytes therefore 

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Paul Rossiter
Wed, 5 Feb 2014 13:43:42 +0000
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> > > > > >----- Forwarded Message ----- >>From: Naveen Kumar <[log in to unmask]> >>To: Paul Rossiter <[log in to unmask]> >>Cc: [log in to unmask]; [log in to unmask] >>Sent: Tuesday, 4 February 2014, 7:41 >>Subject: E-conference on progressive control of PPR >> >> >> >>Dear All, >> >>I am working as a Senior Scientist in an Institute in India working specifically for goats "Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura, India". I have been involved in activities like attending filed outbreaks of PPR/pox and isolation and characterization of the field strains. I would like to share my experience and seek your suggestions on the followings: >> >>1. 

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