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Establishment of a PPR Global Research and Expertise Network (PPR-GREN)

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The specific objectives of the E-Conference are to provide further insight regarding the following topics, which are suggested for discussion: 1) Opportunities and weaknesses regarding PPR control strategies 2) Identification and prioritization of themes to be addressed by PPR-GREN 3) Identification of other sub-themes to be included in the themes agreed above 4) Network to be inclusive or exclusive of other small ruminant diseases 5) Organization and operationalization of the network 6) AOB 7) Conclusion and further actions
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michael baron
Wed, 5 Feb 2014 13:12:44 +0000
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Dear all,

It is brilliant that there is this solid interest in this topic, and a great willingness to engage with the challenges. Greetings to those of you whom I have met before. My name is Michael Baron and I have worked on the biology of rinderpest and PPRV for >20 years.

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Andrÿffffffffffffffffffffffe9 ngangnou
Wed, 5 Feb 2014 11:47:58 +0000
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Dear all,

I would like to comment some issues as per developed by previous colleagues

Assessing prevalence of PPR is very important, but we should keep in mind the financial cost and time consuming this activity, particularly when establishing annual prevalence for many (five) years: this suppose the existence of a very good and functionning epidemiological surveillance network in various countries. Unfortunately, this is not the case in the majority of developping countries,as we all know the actual level of our epi. Networks. I believe that an appropriate approach of the PPR control should include in priority, massive vaccination, using

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Paul Rossiter
Wed, 5 Feb 2014 11:40:40 +0000
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    The issue of the use of paravets for the delivery of specified veterinary services, inclusive, putatively, of any future PPR eradication strategy, remains one mired in controversy, mis-conceptions and polarised viewpoints. It is well past time that we, as a profession, come together and lay this contentious and long standing issue to rest. The OIE [TAHC 2013] defines a paravet - termed "Veterinary Para-professional" as "a person who, for the purposes of the Terrestrial Code, is authorised by the veterinary statutory body to carry out certain designated tasks (dependent upon the category of veterinary para-professional) in a territory, 

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Mansoor Al Qadasi
Wed, 5 Feb 2014 10:24:34 +0100
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Dear colleagues
i gone through many messages discussing or using the term "prevalence" and using it when they discussing the vaccination coverage . to be frank with all of you I got my self confused , for me when i use "prevalence of PPR" this means that the history of spreading the disease can be by using sero-survey to identify AB prevalence specific for PPR, but not the vaccination coverage as i found it in many messages that i gone through. for this i will use flock immunity to assess the vaccination coverage after the vaccination campaigns. what i suggest

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Paul Rossiter
Wed, 5 Feb 2014 08:39:40 +0000
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Dear Colleagues, My name is Chris Daborn and I am currently working as an independent veterinary consultant with a specific interest and experience in the performance of veterinary services, in line with OIE standards, and the development of continuing veterinary education delivered within a formal, veterinary statutory body guided / regulated,  “Continuing Professional Development” [CPD] programme Thank you for registering me to the PPR-GREN discussion which I have been following with great interest. I note that the purpose of this first session is to “identify the key positive and negative factors influencing global, regional and national PPR control today and 

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Paul Rossiter
Wed, 5 Feb 2014 07:47:09 +0000
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I am glad that I have the opportunity of participating in this conference. My name is Prof. Timothy Obi, Nigerian, retired Professor of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan and currently Prof. Of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Unudike, Umuahia, Nigeria. I have worked on various aspects of the epidemiology, diagnosis and control of PPR from the early eighties till date. Our serological studies in both northern and southern Nigeria showed infection rates of 53 percent in goats and 43percent in sheep in the north and in the south. These figures suggest that PPRV infection is more widespread in 

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Paul Rossiter
Wed, 5 Feb 2014 07:36:40 +0000
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This is the first contribution from The Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre of African Union (AU-PANVAC) and OIE Collaborating Centre in Quality Control of Veterinary Vaccines. > > > >KEY POSITIVE FACTORS INFLUENCING GLOBAL, REGIONAL AND NATIONAL PPR CONTROL >Availability of Good Critical Control Tools: vaccine and diagnostics >  >a).      Vaccines and their quality certification. >  >The currently used PPR vaccine is a safe, relatively easy and cheap to produce and confers life-long immunity after a single dose. Vaccination with this vaccine will ensure greater protection in vaccinated herds. Also, the availability of technologies for producing thermo stable or thermo-tolerant vaccines 

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Zelalem Tadesse
Tue, 4 Feb 2014 18:11:34 +0100
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My name is Zelalem Tadesse, I’m a Veterinary Epidemiologist working for the African Union Commission – InterAfrican Bureau for Animal Resources
First I would like to thank FAO for taking this initiative.

As a continental expert, I would like to start by giving brief overview about the importance of the disease in Africa.
1) Distribution, level of occurrence and control strategies: based on the reports received from member states of AU, PPR has become endemic in at least 30 countries (>55%). The disease is widespread in all geographical regions of Africa, except Southern Africa region. However, I’m afraid that there

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Serge Nietche
Tue, 4 Feb 2014 16:05:48 +0100
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Dear colleagues,

Yes, we must have and use an efficient vaccine. The vaccine and the vaccination should be part of the strategy to " eradicate PPR" however they are not the whole strategy. In the perspective to "eradicate" the disease we need first and foremost to have indicator such as the PREVALENCE which will be used to measure our progress. I am wondering whether currently each country where the disease in endemic can provide annual prevalence of the disease for the last five year.

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Mansoor Al Qadasi
Tue, 4 Feb 2014 15:07:04 +0100
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Dear colleagues
i gone through some messages mentioning vaccination coverage. the message of our colleague Prof. Kock identified that outbreak with 80% vaccination coverage according to the ministry census data. as we knew from the rinderpest lesson 80% vaccination coverage is quote good. but the situation mentioned above with big outbreak in 2011 and then in 2013 despite the big coverage of vaccination. i think here we should think about number of factor can limit the efficacy of the vaccination process (supposing that vaccine is a good quality): 1) cold chain can be assessed ether storage or during the transportation

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<>
Tue, 4 Feb 2014 07:23:46 -0600
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Dear colleagues,

Yes, we must have and use an efficient vaccine. The vaccine and the
vaccination should be part of the strategy to " eradicate PPR" however they
are not the whole strategy. In the perspective to "eradicate" the disease
we need first and foremost to have indicator such as the PREVALENCE which
will be used to measure our progress. I am wondering whether currently each
country where the disease in endemic can provide annual prevalence of the
disease for the last five year.

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Paul Rossiter
Tue, 4 Feb 2014 13:09:03 +0000
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 Dear Dr Sabi, > >Am glad to read about the work you have done in organizing paravets in Togo - an ECOWAS Member State. The paravet (won't veterinary nurses or technicians be a better term?) issue has been a sensitive one with veterinarians in our region, as accusations of malpractice by paravets have been a sore point for a lot of veterinarians. My take is that if they are better organized and regulated, there presence in the field should be an asset to the veterinary profession, particularly where veterinarians are lacking. This seems to be what you were able to 

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Mansoor Al Qadasi
Tue, 4 Feb 2014 08:33:11 +0100
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My name is Mansoor Alqadasi, a veterinarian from Yemen

Dear colleagues
this is my first email to this e-conference. first of all I found the subject of the e-conference is very important and relevant to those constrains facing development of livestock in developing countries where PPR considered a major constrain to the livestock . for the World to take the PPR as the next disease to eradicate after the success history of Rinderpest eradication, will be the par amount important to participate in solving food security standing problems in the developing countries as PPR is not only the disease that

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Vivian Iwar
Mon, 3 Feb 2014 15:55:31 +0000
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------ WARNING: Your email security system has determined the message below may be a potential threat. It may originate from geographic regions that send a high volume of scam traffic. If you do not know the sender or cannot verify the integrity of the message, please do not respond or click on links in the message. Depending on the security settings, clickable URLs may have been modified to provide additional security. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------ Suspicious threat disclaimer ends here ------------ Hi Dr Singh, You have indicated that incentives will go a long way to encourage producers to come forward for vaccination. 

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Vivian Iwar
Mon, 3 Feb 2014 15:25:22 +0000
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------ WARNING: Your email security system has determined the message below may be a potential threat. It may originate from geographic regions that send a high volume of scam traffic. If you do not know the sender or cannot verify the integrity of the message, please do not respond or click on links in the message. Depending on the security settings, clickable URLs may have been modified to provide additional security. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------ Suspicious threat disclaimer ends here ------------ Hi All, Its a pleasure to be discussing this important disease with a view to control it. The Economic Community of 

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Paul Rossiter
Mon, 3 Feb 2014 13:09:02 +0000
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A key issue to address is why PPR resurgence now? Is it true that rinderpest vaccination suppressed PPR? The lack of appropriate laboratory tests to differentiate infection from vaccination  poses a challenge in post and pre-vaccination surveillance  of small ruminants particularly in infected pastoral / nomadic production systems. Identification  and traceability of sheep and goats requires to be addressed and made uniform across borders as was done with the clover during PARC and national hot iron brand marks during JP 15 in rinderpest. Ear notching in my experience in Kenya has its limitations as interferes with traditional marks. This is 

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Muhammad Akram
Mon, 3 Feb 2014 17:42:45 +0545
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Dear All

Really enjoying the ideas and contribution by experts on PPR from across the
globe. I appreciate the idea of this e-conference to take stock on PPR.

While working for Regional Support Unit (RSU) for SAARC countries
established by ECTAD FAO, in Kathmandu, Nepal I have gathered some
information on the epidemiology capacity of SAARC countries and realized
that PPR is endemic (for lineage-IV) in five of the 8 SAARC countries and 2
of remaining have sporadic occurrence and Sri Lanka is free of this disease.
75/1 Nigerian (in Nepal, Pakistan Afghanistan) and indigenous Sungri/ 96
(in India) and

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Paul Rossiter
Mon, 3 Feb 2014 11:21:28 +0000
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Colleagues,   Concerning key positive and negative factors influencing PPR control. From my point of view, which depends on field investigations and observations, studying the risk factors that contribute to PPR occurrence and spread should be prior to setting of control policy and should determine the suitable time and season for implementing the proposed policy. In my country, Sudan, sheep and goats husbandry system can be divided into 3 catogeries: 1- Sedentary with open grazing system, 2- Transhumance pastoralist, and 3- intensive production which is the smaller group in the three while systems 1 and 2 represent the majority of small 

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Paul Rossiter
Mon, 3 Feb 2014 09:06:13 +0000
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    Dear Colleagues Let me try to put the finger on some weaknesses. I) Our understanding of PPR epidemiology other than in sheep & goats still has dangerous gaps:   - We know from Sudan that a PPR lineage 4 strain is adapted to camels   and can even kill them   - We also know from Tanzania that PPR virus can circulate in cattle   - What we don't know is whether this has any consequences for PPR   transmission to sheep & goats, but there are indications that camels may be   playing a role in spreading 

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Paul Rossiter
Mon, 3 Feb 2014 07:49:15 +0000
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Dear Colleagues,    In East Africa, PPR is a relatively new disease but has spread relatively fast  to cover the whole region since 2007 when cases were first noticed in the Karamajong area . Some of the factors that have contributed to this rapid spread include lack of awareness  while undertaking livestock  emergency activities like restocking after drought. It is known  that the first cases in Moyale, Kenya  in 2008  occurred when  sheep and goats  were  trucked from outside the border for a re-stocking programme, where they were cheaper and yet that country was enzootic.  One of the most effective 

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Paul Rossiter
Mon, 3 Feb 2014 07:24:00 +0000
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  Dear colleagues, >My name is SABI yao sourou, a private extension veterinarian from Togo; I also hold a MPH degree. My area of emphasis is Infectious diseases and zoonoses, and Health communication. I am interested in PPR control because in developing countries, healthy livestock/short cycle animals/small ruminants are a reliable source of household income, food security & safety and poverty alleviation. All these factors are major health determinants and PPR does not favor them. This explains our engagement. >The objective of this intervention is to show how the private animal health sector can contribute to both vaccination and disease 

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abdelgadir ballal
Sat, 1 Feb 2014 05:18:02 -0800
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Dear Colleagues      IN Sudan, Live stock subsector contributes 22% of the total country GDP. At present PPR is considered as the main threat affecting sheep production, disease outbreaks are also reported from camel production areas in Sudan( Camels should be considered in national or  regional strategy control at least in countries with high camel populations and research should be conducted to improve the diagnostic tools c-ELISA for antibody detection in camels). The national control strategy for PPR is to target specific production areas for virus elimination and to maintain these areas disease free to roll back the disease 

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Paul Rossiter
Thu, 30 Jan 2014 13:42:16 +0000
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  Dear Colleagues, Welcome to the opening session of this e-conference.  Following the success of rinderpest eradication the international animal health community has identified peste des petits ruminants (PPR) as one of the possible new livestock disease for eradication. It is widely agreed that the basic technical tools and epidemiological understanding, which contributed to the eradication of rinderpest, already exist for PPR control and there is no reason why a progressive programme of global control of PPR cannot begin immediately.  Nevertheless, despite these tools and the lessons learned from rinderpest eradication, PPR continues to expand its global distribution and cause 

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