The specific objectives of the E-Conference are to provide further insight regarding the following topics, which are suggested for discussion: 1) Opportunities and weaknesses regarding PPR control strategies 2) Identification and prioritization of themes to be addressed by PPR-GREN 3) Identification of other sub-themes to be included in the themes agreed above 4) Network to be inclusive or exclusive of other small ruminant diseases 5) Organization and operationalization of the network 6) AOB 7) Conclusion and further actions
just to put a molecular biologist's input in on this matter...
When the reference labs put together PCR primer sets for detecting PPRV, they based their data on viruses from all the lineages, and made sure they worked on all the lineages. This is a reasonable way of making sure your target sequences are well conserved. For reasons best known to themselves, some labs do not want to use these primers (the sequences of which are freely available), but design new primer sets. However, they cannot test these against a wide range of viruses, because very few labs
Dear Paul, We are the one at Indian Veterinary Reserach Institute, who developed the Monoclonal antibodies and also related diagnostic kits and the vaccines. We have reasons to believe that PPR virus may be a little less stable as compared to rinderpest virus. Reasons for it are different/ 4- lineages of PPRV, distributed across the globe. I do not know if these many number of lineages were present in Rinderpest virus. I further believe that a single strain of rindepest vaccine virus ie RBOK strain was sufficient enough for mass vaccinations and Rinderpest Eradication through out the globe. As for
It is brilliant that there is this solid interest in this topic, and a great willingness to engage with the challenges. Greetings to those of you whom I have met before. My name is Michael Baron and I have worked on the biology of rinderpest and PPRV for >20 years.
Dear all, To support what Michael said 1. Some times we as a researcher are very enthusiastic to report a disease outbreak in a new species. To me it is like reporting a new disease. What I feel PPR is not a virus which will remain hidden in buffalo and will not cause more and more outbreak, in an intenssive bufflo rearing system like India. There is only one outbreak in 1997 or so. 2. Even though I am involved in developing a DIVA stategy for PPR, I believe the fact that by the time we apply DIVA, we will
I would like to comment some issues as per developed by previous colleagues
Assessing prevalence of PPR is very important, but we should keep in mind the financial cost and time consuming this activity, particularly when establishing annual prevalence for many (five) years: this suppose the existence of a very good and functionning epidemiological surveillance network in various countries. Unfortunately, this is not the case in the majority of developping countries,as we all know the actual level of our epi. Networks. I believe that an appropriate approach of the PPR control should include in priority, massive vaccination, using
The issue of the use of paravets for the delivery of specified veterinary services, inclusive, putatively, of any future PPR eradication strategy, remains one mired in controversy, mis-conceptions and polarised viewpoints. It is well past time that we, as a profession, come together and lay this contentious and long standing issue to rest. The OIE [TAHC 2013] defines a paravet - termed "Veterinary Para-professional" as "a person who, for the purposes of the Terrestrial Code, is authorised by the veterinary statutory body to carry out certain designated tasks (dependent upon the category of veterinary para-professional) in a territory,
Dear colleagues i gone through many messages discussing or using the term "prevalence" and using it when they discussing the vaccination coverage . to be frank with all of you I got my self confused , for me when i use "prevalence of PPR" this means that the history of spreading the disease can be by using sero-survey to identify AB prevalence specific for PPR, but not the vaccination coverage as i found it in many messages that i gone through. for this i will use flock immunity to assess the vaccination coverage after the vaccination campaigns. what i suggest
Dear Colleagues, My name is Chris Daborn and I am currently working as an independent veterinary consultant with a specific interest and experience in the performance of veterinary services, in line with OIE standards, and the development of continuing veterinary education delivered within a formal, veterinary statutory body guided / regulated, “Continuing Professional Development” [CPD] programme Thank you for registering me to the PPR-GREN discussion which I have been following with great interest. I note that the purpose of this first session is to “identify the key positive and negative factors influencing global, regional and national PPR control today and
I am glad that I have the opportunity of participating in this conference. My name is Prof. Timothy Obi, Nigerian, retired Professor of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan and currently Prof. Of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Unudike, Umuahia, Nigeria. I have worked on various aspects of the epidemiology, diagnosis and control of PPR from the early eighties till date. Our serological studies in both northern and southern Nigeria showed infection rates of 53 percent in goats and 43percent in sheep in the north and in the south. These figures suggest that PPRV infection is more widespread in
This is the first contribution from The Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre of African Union (AU-PANVAC) and OIE Collaborating Centre in Quality Control of Veterinary Vaccines. > > > >KEY POSITIVE FACTORS INFLUENCING GLOBAL, REGIONAL AND NATIONAL PPR CONTROL >Availability of Good Critical Control Tools: vaccine and diagnostics > >a). Vaccines and their quality certification. > >The currently used PPR vaccine is a safe, relatively easy and cheap to produce and confers life-long immunity after a single dose. Vaccination with this vaccine will ensure greater protection in vaccinated herds. Also, the availability of technologies for producing thermo stable or thermo-tolerant vaccines
Dear All, At Indian Veterinary Research Institute we too have developed our Own Vaccine strain (using Indian isolate of Lineage-IV) vaccine virus and Indegenously Developed Monoclonal antibody based Diagnostic kits (both for PPR antigen and Anibody detection). These products are available commercially from the manufacturers. Dr. R.P.Singh, Principal Scientist, Division of Biological Products, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243 122 (Uttar Pradesh), India
My name is Zelalem Tadesse, I’m a Veterinary Epidemiologist working for the African Union Commission – InterAfrican Bureau for Animal Resources First I would like to thank FAO for taking this initiative.
As a continental expert, I would like to start by giving brief overview about the importance of the disease in Africa. 1) Distribution, level of occurrence and control strategies: based on the reports received from member states of AU, PPR has become endemic in at least 30 countries (>55%). The disease is widespread in all geographical regions of Africa, except Southern Africa region. However, I’m afraid that there
Dear Colleagues, PPR disease has rapidly spread in Africa since 2006 threatens the sustainable production of sheep and goats on the continent. According to data recorded by AU-IBAR, 33 African countries (61%) have reported the diseases in 2012. It is the 3rd most commonly reported diseases in Africa (AU-IBAR, Panafrican Animal health Yearbook, 2011). It is a major constraint in the development of small ruminant production in Africa. In addition, PPR is a disease associated with food and income insecurities and it impacts on human health through increase in malnutrition levels, reduced access to health care and other basic needs.
Yes, we must have and use an efficient vaccine. The vaccine and the vaccination should be part of the strategy to " eradicate PPR" however they are not the whole strategy. In the perspective to "eradicate" the disease we need first and foremost to have indicator such as the PREVALENCE which will be used to measure our progress. I am wondering whether currently each country where the disease in endemic can provide annual prevalence of the disease for the last five year.
Pakistan has undertaken prevalence studies based on the serology. In the new project, we are also aiming at improving clinical and serological surveillance beside improving lab diagnosis, vaccine production and vaccination in pilot areas for effective demonstration. We will also be developing a national PPR control and eradication strategy during the project.
I do agree on the need for a well defined baseline indicator such as the annual prevalence. But this is only possible in areas with an efficient reporting systems - preferably, with a proactive surveillance system. On the other hand, in addition to the need for either high quality vaccines and/ or thermo-stable vaccines. We need to develop innovative disease regulatory acts as well as defining industry incentives particularly for the pastoral flocks. Thus social economic studies should not be separated from the epidemiologic research.
Dear colleagues i gone through some messages mentioning vaccination coverage. the message of our colleague Prof. Kock identified that outbreak with 80% vaccination coverage according to the ministry census data. as we knew from the rinderpest lesson 80% vaccination coverage is quote good. but the situation mentioned above with big outbreak in 2011 and then in 2013 despite the big coverage of vaccination. i think here we should think about number of factor can limit the efficacy of the vaccination process (supposing that vaccine is a good quality): 1) cold chain can be assessed ether storage or during the transportation
For more coverage, our experience in Sudan is to combine vaccination against PPR with other strategic vaccine. This proved to be effective during the national vaccination campaigns like that against sheep pox which is mandatory in Sudan for the export of live sheep to the middle east Last year (2013) Sudan exported around 4 million heads of sheep to Saudi
Yes, we must have and use an efficient vaccine. The vaccine and the vaccination should be part of the strategy to " eradicate PPR" however they are not the whole strategy. In the perspective to "eradicate" the disease we need first and foremost to have indicator such as the PREVALENCE which will be used to measure our progress. I am wondering whether currently each country where the disease in endemic can provide annual prevalence of the disease for the last five year.
Dear Dr Sabi, > >Am glad to read about the work you have done in organizing paravets in Togo - an ECOWAS Member State. The paravet (won't veterinary nurses or technicians be a better term?) issue has been a sensitive one with veterinarians in our region, as accusations of malpractice by paravets have been a sore point for a lot of veterinarians. My take is that if they are better organized and regulated, there presence in the field should be an asset to the veterinary profession, particularly where veterinarians are lacking. This seems to be what you were able to
My good Friend Sabi, Its pleasing to hear from you after a long while. and more to hear of your great work in getting "Paravets" organized. I would want to agree with Dr. Vivian Iwar that it would be better to use the term Veterinary nurses or Veterinary Technicians because the term paravets could be very misleading as it could mean different things in different ECOWAS countries.
Hi my Dearest Friend Joseph, Me too, I am pleased to hear from you. I might be wrong, but I consider that veterinary nurses/technicians have a higher and then specialized education than CAHW; that is the rational behind my preference for the CAHW terminology. Actually, although some CAHW can show a good level of education, the selection criteria we use here are not too regarding. we just want them to know the basic things about writing and reading. Yes, I agree with both of you-- Dr. Vivian Iwar and yourself--and I consider that there is a need to harmonize the titles. For example, in francophone areas, we just call them ''Auxiliaires Villageois
Moderator, The e-conference is such a brilliant idea to share the experiences on PPR control. Repeated mass vaccination has proved to be successful in reducing losses due to PPR in Kenya. The disease was first diagnosed in the country in 2006 in Turkana County (NW of Kenya) at the border of Uganda and South Sudan - Karamoja ecosystem. By 2007 the whole County was infected and the disease had spread to most parts of the country (Kenya) in 2008. Through consulted efforts of the Government of Kenya and various partners (FAO, NGOs), several rounds of vaccination were carried out in
My name is Mansoor Alqadasi, a veterinarian from Yemen
Dear colleagues this is my first email to this e-conference. first of all I found the subject of the e-conference is very important and relevant to those constrains facing development of livestock in developing countries where PPR considered a major constrain to the livestock . for the World to take the PPR as the next disease to eradicate after the success history of Rinderpest eradication, will be the par amount important to participate in solving food security standing problems in the developing countries as PPR is not only the disease that
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ WARNING: Your email security system has determined the message below may be a potential threat. It may originate from geographic regions that send a high volume of scam traffic. If you do not know the sender or cannot verify the integrity of the message, please do not respond or click on links in the message. Depending on the security settings, clickable URLs may have been modified to provide additional security. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------ Suspicious threat disclaimer ends here ------------ Hi Dr Singh, You have indicated that incentives will go a long way to encourage producers to come forward for vaccination.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ WARNING: Your email security system has determined the message below may be a potential threat. It may originate from geographic regions that send a high volume of scam traffic. If you do not know the sender or cannot verify the integrity of the message, please do not respond or click on links in the message. Depending on the security settings, clickable URLs may have been modified to provide additional security. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------ Suspicious threat disclaimer ends here ------------ Hi All, Its a pleasure to be discussing this important disease with a view to control it. The Economic Community of
A key issue to address is why PPR resurgence now? Is it true that rinderpest vaccination suppressed PPR? The lack of appropriate laboratory tests to differentiate infection from vaccination poses a challenge in post and pre-vaccination surveillance of small ruminants particularly in infected pastoral / nomadic production systems. Identification and traceability of sheep and goats requires to be addressed and made uniform across borders as was done with the clover during PARC and national hot iron brand marks during JP 15 in rinderpest. Ear notching in my experience in Kenya has its limitations as interferes with traditional marks. This is
Really enjoying the ideas and contribution by experts on PPR from across the globe. I appreciate the idea of this e-conference to take stock on PPR.
While working for Regional Support Unit (RSU) for SAARC countries established by ECTAD FAO, in Kathmandu, Nepal I have gathered some information on the epidemiology capacity of SAARC countries and realized that PPR is endemic (for lineage-IV) in five of the 8 SAARC countries and 2 of remaining have sporadic occurrence and Sri Lanka is free of this disease. 75/1 Nigerian (in Nepal, Pakistan Afghanistan) and indigenous Sungri/ 96 (in India) and
Colleagues, Concerning key positive and negative factors influencing PPR control. From my point of view, which depends on field investigations and observations, studying the risk factors that contribute to PPR occurrence and spread should be prior to setting of control policy and should determine the suitable time and season for implementing the proposed policy. In my country, Sudan, sheep and goats husbandry system can be divided into 3 catogeries: 1- Sedentary with open grazing system, 2- Transhumance pastoralist, and 3- intensive production which is the smaller group in the three while systems 1 and 2 represent the majority of small
Dear colleagues, Yes, we must have and use an efficient vaccine. The vaccine and the vaccination should be part of the strategy to " eradicate PPR" however they are not the whole strategy. In the perspective to "eradicate" the disease we need first and foremost to have indicator such as the PREVALENCE which will be used to measure our progress. I am wondering whether currently each country where the disease in endemic can provide annual prevalence of the disease for the last five year. Serge Nzietchueng Adjunct Professor, Ecosystem Health Initiative Adjunct Instructor, School of Public Health University Technical Advisor,
We all in Africa share the same small ruminants husbandry systems described in Sudan and I highly agree with Dr S. Huyam when he ascertain we should take it into account in planning PPR control strategy. We have different climate depending on countries and it is my believe that we should match the vaccination periods with the cold season whether it is before or after the raining season. It is also important to set up reference status of PPR prevalence in countries, so that we know where we start and the goal we target.
Dear Colleagues Let me try to put the finger on some weaknesses. I) Our understanding of PPR epidemiology other than in sheep & goats still has dangerous gaps: - We know from Sudan that a PPR lineage 4 strain is adapted to camels and can even kill them - We also know from Tanzania that PPR virus can circulate in cattle - What we don't know is whether this has any consequences for PPR transmission to sheep & goats, but there are indications that camels may be playing a role in spreading
Dear Colleagues, In East Africa, PPR is a relatively new disease but has spread relatively fast to cover the whole region since 2007 when cases were first noticed in the Karamajong area . Some of the factors that have contributed to this rapid spread include lack of awareness while undertaking livestock emergency activities like restocking after drought. It is known that the first cases in Moyale, Kenya in 2008 occurred when sheep and goats were trucked from outside the border for a re-stocking programme, where they were cheaper and yet that country was enzootic. One of the most effective
Awareness of farmers and capacity building of vets and para-vets in disease identification and epidemiology are crucial to the PPR control program. We are also working towards these and will appreciate if someone can share relevant literature in this regard.
Dr. M. Afzal, D.V.M. M.Sc.(UAF), Ph.D.(USA)
Project Coordinator (GCP/PAK/127/USA)
Progressive Control of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in Pakistan
Dear colleagues, >My name is SABI yao sourou, a private extension veterinarian from Togo; I also hold a MPH degree. My area of emphasis is Infectious diseases and zoonoses, and Health communication. I am interested in PPR control because in developing countries, healthy livestock/short cycle animals/small ruminants are a reliable source of household income, food security & safety and poverty alleviation. All these factors are major health determinants and PPR does not favor them. This explains our engagement. >The objective of this intervention is to show how the private animal health sector can contribute to both vaccination and disease
Dear Colleagues IN Sudan, Live stock subsector contributes 22% of the total country GDP. At present PPR is considered as the main threat affecting sheep production, disease outbreaks are also reported from camel production areas in Sudan( Camels should be considered in national or regional strategy control at least in countries with high camel populations and research should be conducted to improve the diagnostic tools c-ELISA for antibody detection in camels). The national control strategy for PPR is to target specific production areas for virus elimination and to maintain these areas disease free to roll back the disease
Dear Colleagues, Welcome to the opening session of this e-conference. Following the success of rinderpest eradication the international animal health community has identified peste des petits ruminants (PPR) as one of the possible new livestock disease for eradication. It is widely agreed that the basic technical tools and epidemiological understanding, which contributed to the eradication of rinderpest, already exist for PPR control and there is no reason why a progressive programme of global control of PPR cannot begin immediately. Nevertheless, despite these tools and the lessons learned from rinderpest eradication, PPR continues to expand its global distribution and cause
Dear Colleagues, Its pleasing to know that the e-conference on PPR control has taken off in full swing.
Here in Ghana the Veterinary Services in collaboration with FAO/OIE is carrying out a pilot project to determine the most effective way of vaccination against the disease. As the project progresses we will be sharing with you our results and field experiences worthy of replication or addressing in future such activities.
Dear Colleagues, Pakistan is currently planning activities to undertake a USDA funded project on Progressive control of PPR in Pakistan. One issue we faced in the beginning was ascertaining quality of locally prepared vaccine. We have now sent the vaccine batches to PanAfrican Vaccine Centre. OIE/FAO reference labs should have this facility. The other issue we foresee is keeping reconstituted vaccine in cool chain in vaccination campaign under smallholders scattered sheep and goats production system. Dr. M. Afzal Project Coordinator Progressive control of PPR in Pakistan FAO Pakistan Office Islamabad
I feel this E-conference would be a wonderful tool to share our experiences and also to learn from each other. I am basically a Veterinary Virologist working on PPR Diagnostics, sero-epidemiology, Vaccines and desgning disease Control strategies of PPR since almost 17 years at Indian Veterinary Reserach Institute.
We have our own Indegenous Vaccine strain (lineage-4) and Monoclonal antibody based diagnostics. Government of India launched PPR control programme at limited scale in few selected states/administrative units using the tools developed by us. There are few sucess storoes to share with all of you. If this can be replicated,
Dear Dr Afzal, It is good news to hear that the Pakistan authorities are planning a PPR progressive control programme. I hope that you receive appropriate funding to address the problem with sufficient intensity. My reason for responding to your message is that you have identified two issues which are of major importance to PPR control both nationally and globally. As was shown with rinderpest, vaccine quality is an important matter to get right. Quality assurance of PPR vaccines requires two exercises. Firstly, strict adherence to international norms for vaccine production with specific SOPs for PPR vaccine combined with stringent
Dear Dr. Afzal, A series of suggestion were given by Prof Peter Roeder on Quality assurance and Cold chain mainataince. In my opinion for small holders scattered sheep and goat production system, production of vaccine in low doses say for example 25 doses -50 doses/vial is advisable in case if no mass vaccination campaigns are pursued. In case of mass vaccination campaigs, it may require creating some innovative awareness about the program and accumulation of herds/flocks at two to three location to be vaccinated at a time using one vial of vaccine. Use of reconstituted vaccine vials in a period
The following sentence worried me: > The other issue we foresee is keeping reconstituted vaccine in cool chain in vaccination campaign under smallholders scattered sheep and goats production system.
Does this imply that you reconstitute the vaccine well in advance of using it? If so this should not be done. Normally we reconstitute vaccine just prior to using it. We just it up in about 20 minutes. Any remaining vaccine is discarded.
Dears, We are not planning to reconstitute PPR vaccine in advance. In fact will plan to reconstitute vaccine just prior to use. We are planning a strategy to collect whole village sheep and goats at one or two places in the village and then proceed for vaccination.Our previous experience is that vaccine reconstituted with cold diluent can be effectively used for 2 hours. We are also planning to use thermos with ice in which reconstituted vaccine will be kept during vaccination. Dr. M. Afzal Pakistan
Dear Paul and all, Really happy to see this initiative taken by OIE/FAO for taking on-board all the stakeholders of PPR for this e-conference. I also appreciate the launching of PPR-GREN which would really work towards PPR control/ eradication.
I am currently working in the National Reference Lab for PPR and other TADs in Pakistan. Being the active worker on PPR epidemiology, vaccination and diagnosis, I want to share my field experiences on PPR behaviour in actual endemic situation. The disease outbreaks and virus severity is quite compromised in such situations. The disease occurs in mild to severe as well
Dear colleagues, My congratulations to whoever that came up with this brilliant idea. I am looking forward to learn from colleagues around the global on various aspects of PPR epidemiology and practical control strategies that could see the end of PPR in the world.
PPRV lineage III was confirmed for the first time in December 2008. In the northern parts of Tanzania, across the Tanzania-Kenya border. In 2009 the Department of Veterinary Services in collaboration with FAO launched a vaccination campaign targeted at 3,000,000 small ruminants. However, since the campaign was a standalone operation (it was logistically very difficult to
I would also like to raise the issue of vaccine purity as quality requirements. As far as we are dealing with a live vaccine, extraneous agents (like ruminants pestivirus) should also be taken into account, either as potential direct pathogens introduced in the vaccine or as immunomodulators with side-effects on PPR immunization.
My advice would be to make a sanctuarized master vaccine seed stock somewhere and then secondary seed stocks in vaccine producers that will subsequently manage working stocks. The sanctuarizez stock should be carefully tested for extraneous agents, possibly by ultra-deep sequencing as we did recently on
Glad to see your valuable inputs. We should not just be thinking about effective vaccination methodology but the consequences of non-sterilising vaccination campaigns, which lead to missed pockets of virus, unintended changes in virus population, survival of mild strains and cryptic syndromes. The spread of virus in East Africa seems unaffected by the heavy vaccination campaigns to date. For example. I was in touch with colleagues in Ngorongoro and they had a major outbreak in 2011 which had up to 80% vaccine coverage based on ministry census data and this was followed by another major outbreak
Dear all, I thank the GF TADs PPR Working Group for this initiative, this is fitting well in this era of advanced information technology. I want to share with you about what we have been doing so far in controlling the disease. PPR cases were severely reduced after vaccinations were carried out covering at least 80% coverage of the population at risk accompanied by pre and post vaccination sero and clinical surveillance to inform of the success of the vaccination. From what we experienced a second round of vaccination within a year is important. The need to plan for active
I was also of the view of such variation in disease severity in-spite of vaccination campaigns. As you might seen comments from one Indian colleague on the characterization of PPRV from an outbreak which is not similar with the lineage IV and was confirmed using non conventional methods which is also interesting. It is good to know that you are going to run a project on wildlife role. Let me tell you that we have already started such an activity in Pakistan. We have discovered the serological evidence of sero-conversion of PPRV
Your mention of Asian buffalo as a possible host is consistent with our findings in Africa, where antibody footprints in African buffalo exist, in many ecosystems but we know little about their ability to circulate virus within their populations and therefore ability to act as true hosts and not just spill over hosts and vectors.
I concur with Richard that DIVA tests are crucial to determine prevalence as most countries have been undertaking extensive vaccination campaigns.
Thank you
Zelalem
Zelalem Tadesse (DVM, MSc, DLSHTM)
Epidemiologist | InterAfrican Bureau for Animal Resources - IBAR (Nairobi) | African Union Commission
Tel | +254-20-3674352 (Office); 071-8865692 (Cell) E-mail: [log in to unmask]<mailto:[log in to unmask]> | Web: www.au-ibar.org<http://www.au-ibar.org/> P.O.Box 30786, 00100 - Nairobi | Kenya
List of unknowns/gaps is growing and makes it easier for researchers to target what we need in the field. I believe vaccination is efficient however it should not be carried out once and be integrated with other measures. What happened in Ngorongoro tells it all that one round of vaccination is not enough Best regards, Niwael J. Mtui-MalamshaPVO- PPR Control Tanzania “If your dreams do not scare you, they are not big enough” by President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf On Wednesday, 5 February 2014, 14:48, "Kock, Richard" <[log in to unmask]> wrote: Thanks Muhammad (and others) Your mention of Asian buffalo as
I am leading a group at the Pirbright Institute, UK and started working with Dr Tom Barrett and Dr John Anderson on RP and PPR since early 2000. Currently I am working in 3 important areas,- development of PPR DIVA vaccine,- Immunological evaluation of new PPR vaccine in comparison to parent vaccine and Epidemiology of PPRV. These work closely related to reference laboratories at Pirbright, CIRAD and IVRI.
To comment on Robert Allport's useful reminder that we are in the age of One Health!
I raised this issue under the banner of political ecology earlier.
When developing a project of this magnitude (cost), scope (geographic), and potential ecological consequences (demographic, social, economic and environmental) we cannot ignore the externalities. Nor should we be ignoring the reasons why the problem has arisen in the first place, which might also be linked to demographics, climate, social and economic changes. Controlling PPRv infection in itself, might have positive and negative effects on a whole range of ecologies but in
Sorry Paul I have had little time to follow this thread until today. We have had a few colleagues mention wildlife and I would like to suggest that we include either as a theme or subtheme, the issue of susceptible species other than small domestic ruminants. The sub-(sub)themes could include wildlife epidemiology, potential role of wildlife species as maintenance host, spill over host (& sentinels in surveillance systems) and as victim of PPRv. We should also include camels and cattle in this theme. I would also like to see a sub-theme covering the conservation of some
I do not think to live with PPR and neglect the problem is a choice, but I agree to take the issue seriously and control the disease looking for eradication on global level.
----- Forwarded Message ----- >From: Simon Kihu | Vetworks Eastern Africa <[log in to unmask]> >To: 'Paul Rossiter' <[log in to unmask]> >Sent: Wednesday, 5 February 2014, 16:03 >Subject: RE: From Dr Chris Daborn on the importance of continuing education of frontline workers > > > >Dear Colleagues > >I really appreciate being part of this e-conference and I thank the conveners for registering me. > > My contribution is on the community knowledge of PPR and how its effect participatory surveillance processes. Dr Chris Darbon has highlighted the need for evaluating state of PPR knowledge and skills of the frontline workers and animal health managers. In
Dear All, Some administrative matters. 1). I wonder if those of you who have most recently joined the conference have received the invitation to the meeting from OIE and FAO outlining its purpose and structure as well as the housekeeping notes in my introduction to the first session of the conference. I append some of this background material below. 2). Could Dr Darab Abdollahi of Iran please contact me. I have been sending emails to you for nearly three days without reply and I want to be able to post up your contributions. kind regards, Paul Rossiter +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The specific objectives of
Dear all, I think letting PPR endemic is not an option. For WNV, BT and other arboviruses which uses midges and wild life to hide, it can be acceptable. Because there is not easy way to control wild life and midges. On the other hand it seems much more reasonable to eradicate PPR like we do RP. Best wishes. Fatih Barut Veterinarian --- With my Best Wishes M.Fatih BARUT D.V.M PhD Virological Diagnosis Lab. Etlik Central Veterinary Control and Research Institute Kecioren / ANKARA /TURKEY 06020 ________________________________ From: Paul Rossiter <[log in to unmask]> To: [log in to unmask] Sent: Sunday, February 9,