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From:
Amir Kassam <[log in to unmask]>
Reply To:
Amir Kassam <[log in to unmask]>
Date:
Thu, 4 Feb 2021 10:45:56 +0000
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*Global CA-CoP* *CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE*

*for sustainable agriculture, land and ecosystem management*

Dear Subscribers,

The Dasgupta Review of the Economics of Biodiversity was released and
launched on Tuesday. See details herebelow.

Apologies for any cross-posting.

*Amir Kassam *

*Moderator*

*Global CA-CoP*

e-mail: [log in to unmask]

URL: http://www.fao.org/conservation-agriculture

---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: David Duthie <[log in to unmask]>
Date: Wed, 3 Feb 2021 at 20:46
Subject: Dasgupta Review - Final Report launched
To: bioplan <[log in to unmask]>


Dear BIOPLANNERS,



The Dasgupta Review of the Economics of Biodiversity was released and
launched yesterday. A live event of the launch can be accessed here
<https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Fscience-events-and-lectures%2F2021%2F02%2Fdasgupta-review%2F&data=04%7C01%7Cbioplan%40groups.undp.org%7Cdce8ae5c58f4462704ff08d8c84b6be2%7Cb3e5db5e2944483799f57488ace54319%7C0%7C0%7C637479573552781708%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=NEqapfXF7jbOlPYdd4%2BvudTNIGnkOm1nDQd08gTMm30%3D&reserved=0>
(75 minutes, including guest speakers and Q&A) and the Full Report (606
pages), Abridged Version (103 pages), Headline Messages (10 pages)  and
Reactions (10 pages) can be accessed here
<https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fpublications%2Ffinal-report-the-economics-of-biodiversity-the-dasgupta-review&data=04%7C01%7Cbioplan%40groups.undp.org%7Cdce8ae5c58f4462704ff08d8c84b6be2%7Cb3e5db5e2944483799f57488ace54319%7C0%7C0%7C637479573552781708%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=nviaOi4MKm0KUnUC2GaZlVf8iCSs6Vw5MV0%2FQsCQQbA%3D&reserved=0>.
The official press release is here
<https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fnews%2Fnature-is-a-blind-spot-in-economics-that-we-ignore-at-our-peril-says-dasgupta-review&data=04%7C01%7Cbioplan%40groups.undp.org%7Cdce8ae5c58f4462704ff08d8c84b6be2%7Cb3e5db5e2944483799f57488ace54319%7C0%7C0%7C637479573552791705%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=1h7pNu3BfLH0%2Bhf0bp5FBJM8vedw5I7%2BV0UQVBjFtlM%3D&reserved=0>
and below my signature.



Some of the background essays used for the report can be accessed below:



Amazonia’s future: Eden or degraded landscapes?
<https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Ftopics-policy%2Fprojects%2Fbiodiversity%2Famazonias-future%2F&data=04%7C01%7Cbioplan%40groups.undp.org%7Cdce8ae5c58f4462704ff08d8c84b6be2%7Cb3e5db5e2944483799f57488ace54319%7C0%7C0%7C637479573552791705%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=ONxg6uC6DQcgMqi3B1Op3ZaklKmv2kux6lgIYpk0WuY%3D&reserved=0>
Thomas E. Lovejoy



Preserving global biodiversity requires rapid agricultural improvements
<https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Ftopics-policy%2Fprojects%2Fbiodiversity%2Fpreserving-global-biodiversity-agricultural-improvements%2F&data=04%7C01%7Cbioplan%40groups.undp.org%7Cdce8ae5c58f4462704ff08d8c84b6be2%7Cb3e5db5e2944483799f57488ace54319%7C0%7C0%7C637479573552801693%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=2Iv%2Fj7fGrVlTCxk7C9BdhGD70eibjfHDgjfvcMzXrqA%3D&reserved=0>
David Tilman and David R. Williams



Behaviours for conserving biodiversity
<https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Ftopics-policy%2Fprojects%2Fbiodiversity%2Fbehaviours-for-conserving-biodiversity%2F&data=04%7C01%7Cbioplan%40groups.undp.org%7Cdce8ae5c58f4462704ff08d8c84b6be2%7Cb3e5db5e2944483799f57488ace54319%7C0%7C0%7C637479573552801693%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=tXiiIzQAB0QWdOz2TEfKa0NhnG5f1e49Dm5faH8r5qg%3D&reserved=0>
 R.M. Cowling



Consumption patterns and biodiversity
<https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Ftopics-policy%2Fprojects%2Fbiodiversity%2Fconsumption-patterns-and-biodiversity%2F&data=04%7C01%7Cbioplan%40groups.undp.org%7Cdce8ae5c58f4462704ff08d8c84b6be2%7Cb3e5db5e2944483799f57488ace54319%7C0%7C0%7C637479573552811690%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=v2yibmCs9xAT3VIxYojsLz7SLcCNh%2FF8ccRt%2BHmkoKU%3D&reserved=0>
 Jianguo Liu



Demographic trends and policy options
<https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Ftopics-policy%2Fprojects%2Fbiodiversity%2Fdemographic-trends-and-policy-options%2F&data=04%7C01%7Cbioplan%40groups.undp.org%7Cdce8ae5c58f4462704ff08d8c84b6be2%7Cb3e5db5e2944483799f57488ace54319%7C0%7C0%7C637479573552811690%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=uiKSvm7LPLTBmha2T186A1tYvzjUQFpRC0NS8w8WeWU%3D&reserved=0>
 John Bongaarts



Emergent and vanishing biodiversity, and evolutionary suicide
<https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Ftopics-policy%2Fprojects%2Fbiodiversity%2Femergent-and-vanishing-biodiversity-and-evolutionary-suicide%2F&data=04%7C01%7Cbioplan%40groups.undp.org%7Cdce8ae5c58f4462704ff08d8c84b6be2%7Cb3e5db5e2944483799f57488ace54319%7C0%7C0%7C637479573552821683%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=uwh5ast0DTmApFXmsnocFFqiy58hvucOcFqQuxxWEbU%3D&reserved=0>
 Simon A. Levin



I will not comment on the report here for now as I intend to read the full
report first but, in essence, the report states that the biosphere is a
rapidly shrinking Russian doll (matryoshka) within which is embedded a
rapidly expanding human economy – and that needs to change!



My first impression from the report is that it remains more conceptual
(aspirational?) rather than operational but I might need to retract that
impression later.



By chance, last week, I was reading a couple of articles that I suspect go
some way towards what an “operational Dasgupta” might look like, so am
pasting them here as a placeholder…



*Barbier, Edward B. and Joanne C. Burgess (2017) Natural Resource
Economics, Planetary Boundaries and Strong Sustainability. Sustainability*;
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su9101858
<https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.3390%2Fsu9101858&data=04%7C01%7Cbioplan%40groups.undp.org%7Cdce8ae5c58f4462704ff08d8c84b6be2%7Cb3e5db5e2944483799f57488ace54319%7C0%7C0%7C637479573552821683%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=FfLBp5dALogbhDi310uc0O56Rtqv0cdLC8DGF0IAzrE%3D&reserved=0>
(open access)



*Earth systems science maintains that there are nine “planetary boundaries”
that demarcate a sustainable, safe operating space for humankind for
essential global sinks and resources. Respecting these planetary boundaries
represents the “strong sustainability” perspective in economics, which
argues that some natural capital may not be substituted and are inviolate.
In addition, the safe operating space defined by these boundaries can be
considered a depletable stock. We show that standard tools of natural
resource economics for an exhaustible resource can thus be applied, which
has implications for optimal use, price paths, technological innovation,
and stock externalities. These consequences in turn affect the choice of
policies that may be adopted to manage and allocate the safe operating
space available for humankind. *





Barbier, Edward B. & Joanne C. Burgess (2021) *Sustainable Use of the
Environment, Planetary Boundaries and Market Power. *Sustainability;
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020949
<https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.3390%2Fsu13020949&data=04%7C01%7Cbioplan%40groups.undp.org%7Cdce8ae5c58f4462704ff08d8c84b6be2%7Cb3e5db5e2944483799f57488ace54319%7C0%7C0%7C637479573552831675%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=m4NFVYu7LIw%2Bq2zbUma5yvVTvolr%2FD4Knn7tWMZf4Us%3D&reserved=0>
(open access)



*Many of the environment and natural resources that constitute key “safe
operating spaces”, as designated by planetary boundaries, are being
exploited by a handful of large firms with considerable market share. In
this paper, we discuss how the environment and natural resources that occur
within a safe operating space can be treated as an exploitable finite
stock. We use an optimal depletion model to show how the extraction of
these exhaustible assets can be managed optimally, and allow for adjustment
in price paths due to technological innovation and environmental
externalities. Given the growing market concentration and monopoly power in
the key economic sectors that exploit the environment and resources that
constitute many safe operating spaces, we then explore how monopoly
conditions can alter the extraction and price path of the environmental
assets over time compared to that under competitive market conditions. We
show that the monopoly may be compatible with more sustainable use, by
extending the life of the exploitable, depletable stock, at the expense of
firms capturing excessive resource rents from exploitation. This trade-off
means that any policies implemented to tax the excessive monopoly rents
need to be designed without compromising the sustainable use of the
environment. The tax revenue raised can be channelled into protecting or
regenerating natural assets that are essential for global environmental
sustainability. If investment in regeneration efforts is sufficiently
substantial, or if the wider social and environmental values associated
with the exhaustible assets are taken into account, then the safe operating
space may be conserved indefinitely. Such policy challenges will become
increasingly important as dominant firms exert market power over the
planet’s remaining environment and resources that constitute key “safe
operating spaces”, as designated by planetary boundaries.*



Finally, following on from the Nature Based Solution webinar as part of the
Oxford Martin School “Net Zero” series, here is a link to a review article
by the same authors…..



Seddon, Nathalie et al. (2021) *Getting the message right on nature‐based
solutions to climate change**.* Global Change Biology;
https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15513
<https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%2Fgcb.15513&data=04%7C01%7Cbioplan%40groups.undp.org%7Cdce8ae5c58f4462704ff08d8c84b6be2%7Cb3e5db5e2944483799f57488ace54319%7C0%7C0%7C637479573552831675%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=HWnfCADP5ufQZjJj%2FDZggFpGCO5ftfmNGJj7c7gy6d0%3D&reserved=0>
(open access)



*Nature‐based solutions (NbS)—solutions to societal challenges that involve
working with nature—have recently gained popularity as an integrated
approach that can address climate change and biodiversity loss, while
supporting sustainable development. Although well‐designed NbS can deliver
multiple benefits for people and nature, much of the recent limelight has
been on tree planting for carbon sequestration. There are serious concerns
that this is distracting from the need to rapidly phase out use of fossil
fuels and protect existing intact ecosystems. There are also concerns that
the expansion of forestry framed as a climate change mitigation solution is
coming at the cost of carbon rich and biodiverse native ecosystems and
local resource rights. Here, we discuss the promise and pitfalls of the NbS
framing and its current political traction, and we present recommendations
on how to get the message right. We urge policymakers, practitioners and
researchers to consider the synergies and trade‐offs associated with NbS
and to follow four guiding principles to enable NbS to provide sustainable
benefits to society: (1) NbS are not a substitute for the rapid phase out
of fossil fuels; (2) NbS involve a wide range of ecosystems on land and in
the sea, not just forests; (3) NbS are implemented with the full engagement
and consent of Indigenous Peoples and local communities in a way that
respects their cultural and ecological rights; and (4) NbS should be
explicitly designed to provide measurable benefits for biodiversity. Only
by following these guidelines will we design robust and resilient NbS that
address the urgent challenges of climate change and biodiversity loss,
sustaining nature and people together, now and into the future.
Nature‐based solutions involve the protection, restoration or management of
natural and semi‐natural ecosystems; the sustainable management of aquatic
systems and working lands; or the creation of novel ecosystems. They are
actions that are underpinned by biodiversity and designed and implemented
with the full engagement and consent of Indigenous Peoples and local
communities. People and nature, together, co‐produce outcomes which benefit
society. While the ultimate goal of NbS is to support sustainable
development, including human health and wellbeing, the ecosystems that
provide NbS must be healthy, functional and biodiverse if such benefits are
to be provided in the long term. *



Best wishes



David Duthie

 ****************

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*Nature is a blind spot in economics that we ignore at our peril, says
Dasgupta Review *



A fundamental change in how we think about and approach economics is needed
if we are to reverse biodiversity loss and protect and enhance our
prosperity, an independent, global review on the Economics of Biodiversity
said today (Tuesday 2 February).



Published 2 February 2021



Professor Sir Partha Dasgupta’s review presents the first comprehensive
economic framework of its kind for biodiversity. It calls for urgent and
transformative change in how we think, act and measure economic success to
protect and enhance our prosperity and the natural world.



Grounded in a deep understanding of ecosystem processes and how they are
affected by economic activity, the new framework presented by the Dasgupta
Review
<https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fpublications%2Ffinal-report-the-economics-of-biodiversity-the-dasgupta-review&data=04%7C01%7Cbioplan%40groups.undp.org%7Cdce8ae5c58f4462704ff08d8c84b6be2%7Cb3e5db5e2944483799f57488ace54319%7C0%7C0%7C637479573552831675%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=FnGasPJm8VAgMuc33EKZFlG%2FP7uIi25gEQ29dFrnFnI%3D&reserved=0>
– which was commissioned by HM Treasury - sets out the ways in which we
should account for nature in economics and decision-making.



Professor Dasgupta said:



Truly sustainable economic growth and development means recognising that
our long-term prosperity relies on rebalancing our demand of nature’s goods
and services with its capacity to supply them. It also means accounting
fully for the impact of our interactions with Nature across all levels of
society. COVID-19 has shown us what can happen when we don’t do this.



Nature is our home. Good economics demands we manage it better.



The Prime Minister said:



This year is critical in determining whether we can stop and reverse the
concerning trend of fast-declining biodiversity.



I welcome Professor Dasgupta’s Review, which makes clear that protecting
and enhancing nature needs more than good intentions – it requires
concerted, co-ordinated action.


As co-host of COP26 and president of this year’s G7, we are going to make
sure the natural world stays right at the top of the global agenda. And we
will be leading by example here at home as we build back greener from the
pandemic through my 10 point plan.



The Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury, Kemi Badenoch said:



Protecting and enhancing our natural assets, and the biodiversity that
underpins them, is crucial to achieving a sustainable, resilient economy.



That is why the UK is already investing more than £600 million in
nature-based climate solutions, such as tree planting and peatland
restoration.



I want to thank Professor Dasgupta for his landmark Review. We will examine
the Review’s findings and respond formally in due course.



Environment Secretary, George Eustice said:



If we want to realise the aspiration set out in Professor Dasgupta’s
landmark Review to rebalance humanity’s relationship with nature, then we
need policies that will both protect and enhance the supply of our natural
assets.


This is what lies at the heart of the government’s 25-year environment
plan, our approach to future farming policy, efforts to embed biodiversity
net gain in the planning system, and other initiatives such as £3 billion
for climate change solutions that restore nature globally and our new due
diligence law to clean up our supply chains and help tackle illegal
deforestation.



Sir David Attenborough said:



The survival of the natural world depends on maintaining its complexity,
its biodiversity. Putting things right requires a universal understanding
of how these complex systems work. That applies to economics too.



This comprehensive and immensely important report shows us how by bringing
economics and ecology face to face, we can help to save the natural world
and in doing so save ourselves.



The Review argues that nature is our most precious asset and that
significant declines in biodiversity are undermining the productivity,
resilience and adaptability of nature. This in turn has put our economies,
livelihoods and well-being at risk.



The Review finds that humanity has collectively mis-managed its global
portfolio of assets, meaning the demands on nature far exceed its capacity
to supply the goods and services we all rely on.



The Review makes clear that urgent and transformative action taken now
would be significantly less costly than delay and will require change on
three broad fronts:



   - Humanity must ensure its demands on nature do not exceed its
   sustainable supply and must increase the global supply of natural assets
   relative to their current level. For example, expanding and improving
   management of Protected Areas; increasing investment in Nature-based
   Solutions; and deploying policies that discourage damaging forms of
   consumption and production.
   - We should adopt different metrics for economic success and move
   towards an inclusive measure of wealth that accounts for the benefits from
   investing in natural assets and helps to make clear the trade-offs between
   investments in different assets. Introducing natural capital into national
   accounting systems is a critical step.
   - We must transform our institutions and systems – particularly finance
   and education – to enable these changes and sustain them for future
   generations. For example, by increasing public and private financial flows
   that enhance our natural assets and decrease those that degrade them; and
   by empowering citizens to make informed choices and demand change,
   including by firmly establishing the natural world in education policy.


The Review will launch formally later today (2 February) at an event
<https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Fscience-events-and-lectures%2F2021%2F02%2Fdasgupta-review%2F&data=04%7C01%7Cbioplan%40groups.undp.org%7Cdce8ae5c58f4462704ff08d8c84b6be2%7Cb3e5db5e2944483799f57488ace54319%7C0%7C0%7C637479573552841668%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=%2BjWdeNL1TzvSYhs%2FfTm6kcKaIO%2FGUBcq%2BL4lV0SJnAs%3D&reserved=0>
hosted by the Royal Society, with guests including His Royal Highness the
Prince of Wales, the Prime Minister and Sir David Attenborough. The
government has welcomed the Review’s final report and is expected to
respond formally to the Review’s findings in due course.



*Further information*

   - The UK Government commissioned Professor Sir Partha Dasgupta to lead
   an independent, global Review on the Economics of Biodiversity in Spring
   2019.
   - The Review published its interim report
   <https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fpublications%2Finterim-report-the-dasgupta-review-independent-review-on-the-economics-of-biodiversity&data=04%7C01%7Cbioplan%40groups.undp.org%7Cdce8ae5c58f4462704ff08d8c84b6be2%7Cb3e5db5e2944483799f57488ace54319%7C0%7C0%7C637479573552841668%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=oml%2BLPmmaMNxA7XuFH%2F62Nk5K6RORCBWHsD9uYiWCEQ%3D&reserved=0>
   in April 2020.
   - Professor Dasgupta has been supported by an Advisory Panel, drawn from
   academia, public policy and the private sector. More information about
   the Panel is available.
   <https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fnews%2Fthe-economics-of-biodiversity-advisory-panel&data=04%7C01%7Cbioplan%40groups.undp.org%7Cdce8ae5c58f4462704ff08d8c84b6be2%7Cb3e5db5e2944483799f57488ace54319%7C0%7C0%7C637479573552851661%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=EQFqNQUeHb3CsNlLNvQyaDfMP2YpzpWI8Q%2FJ0GEDyqQ%3D&reserved=0>
   - The publication of the Review comes ahead of COP15 for Biological
   Diversity, where new long-term international targets for addressing
   biodiversity loss are expected to be agreed; and COP26 for climate change,
   where Nature and nature-based solutions to climate change are expected to
   play a prominent role.

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