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Forum on family poultry production in developing countries

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From:
Sunil Gamage <[log in to unmask]>
Reply To:
Forum on family poultry production in developing countries <[log in to unmask]>
Date:
Wed, 6 Jun 2012 10:20:56 +0530
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Dear Dr Sujit Nayak

In Sri Lanka the land holdings of recipient are limited. Therefore, I
found that by providing such families with a flock of birds with
different adult body sizes gave a better production (with scavnging
only) than a unform size flock of birds such as Giriraj and Vanaraj.
This is due to the limitation of the feed resource base and th body
maintenance requiements. Plase refer  Guneratne SP and Roberts paper
on feed resource base.

With kind regards

Sunil Gamage

Please note that I have two email addresses [log in to unmask] and
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Thank you

Sunil Gamage



---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Sujit Nayak <[log in to unmask]>
Date: Tue, 05 Jun 2012 09:40:01 +0530
Subject: National level program in India for family poultry
To: [log in to unmask]

 Dear Coordinators and friends,


I am Sujit Nayak, a veterinarian with veterinary immunology as my
specialization (P.G.) working in the Department of Animal Husbandry,
Dairying & Fisheries, Government of India as Assistant Commissioner. I
am associated with the national Rural / family poultry development
program implemented by the Central Government across the country for
BPL (below Poverty Line) beneficiaries. Government of India (GoI), at
the apex level, is mainly concerned with policy, planning and program
formulation/ implementation. However, this is family poultry
development program is among the few directly beneficiary-oriented
programs being implemented by GoI. This scheme component aims at
supporting BPL beneficiary families with tapering assistance, wherein
4-week old chicks, suitable for rearing in the backyard, reared at the
‘mother units’ are further distributed to them in three batches of 20,
15 and 10 birds. Further, to raise the birds in a bio-secure manner, a
provision of Rs. 750/- per beneficiary for night-shelter etc. is made
in the scheme.



I would like to share some of my experiences and opinions (the views
are exclusively mine). I would also like to agree with Dr. Datta
Rangnekar regarding the lack of field level impacts/ participatory
research in the country.



1.         The contribution of research to the development of family
poultry production systems.



I believe, research is sin qua none for the development of family
poultry production systems. It may have started initially with the
careful study of the environment and requirement of birds under harsh
village conditions, their ability to protect themselves from
predators, little or no input requirement, and the social aspect of
poultry keeping and how it was traded or consumed for benefit (all
these have been covered mostly during previous e-conferences).



Therefore the research aspects have not only been confined to
development of the suitable bird but their nutrition, participatory
research in human-poultry keeping interactions, their methods of
disposal (self-consumption, bartering, trading etc.). Though very
difficult to quantify and reduction into measurable parameters,
scientists across the world have actually found ingenious ways to
measure benefits which include buying of better amenities due to
supplementary income, growth of children in the house keeping poultry/
piggery (as they presumably received more nutrition etc).



Government of India (GoI) accordingly tied up with the Indian Council
of Agricultural Research-ICAR (which is the nodal Research agency) and
has, over the years developed and promoted low-input technology birds
suitable for survival at farmers’ doorstep e.g. CARI (Central Avian
Research Institute under ICAR) – Nirbheek  (Asil x Naked neck),
Shyama, Debendra, UPCARI, HITCARI ( Aseel x CARI Red); Project
Directorate on Poultry also under ICAR  -Vanaraja, Gramapriya  etc.
Central Poultry Development Organizations under GoI have also
developed Kalinga brown, Chhabro, Colored crosses (Kaveri) etc.
Besides many veterinary universities have also developed these birds
as follows:

a)    Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Rajendranegar, Hyderabad
(Tirupati)  which has developed Rajasri

b)    Karnataka Veterinary, Animal & Fisheries Sciences  University,
(KVAFSU) which has developed Swarnadhara, Raja- II, Giriraja, Girirani
c)    Kerala Agricultural University, Mannuthy which has developed
Gramslakhmi, Gramrshree, Krishipriya

d)    Tamil Nadu University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
(TANUVAS) which has developed Nandanam 99



Some private organizations have also seen the business opportunity in
this area and have developed and marketed such birds like M/s Kegg
farms, New Delhi: Kuroiler ; Dr. Yashwant Agritech Pvt. Ltd.; Jalgaon,
Maharashtra: Satpuda Desi and M/s Indbro Research and Breeding Farm
Ltd., Hyderabad: Rainbow Rooster



A lot of research and studies have also been made in studying the
economics / benefits as stated earlier and the model of night shelter
etc.

However, I would like to learn if there are any epidemiological models
and simple formats designed for  monitoring at a macro level to assess
the IMPACT in measurable terms of such programs specially in case of a
nation-wide program.



2.         The development for livelihoods through family poultry -
cost and opportunities.



Again, drawing from the national program, I would like to share that
so far in 3 years more than Rs. 67 crore has been released in 21
States covering over 3 lakh BPL families.



Considering At this stage considering even one fourth (25%) success
rate or say, successful implementation as envisaged – around 75,000
families have benefitted. This comes to the following:

§   If Rs. 6000 annual benefit/ beneficiary is considered already Rs.
45 crore / year accrued

§   Invaluable protein/ nutrition to family

§   Subsistence – relief from extreme poverty



However alongwith the opportunities, comes the threats such as
biosecurity risks (the implementing States/ agencies are asked to
implement the same away from intensive poultry production areas, night
shelter is provided for biosecurity to some extent) and diseases. As
the commercial/ industrial sector is also very much developed, the
risks for incidences of diseases in the backyard jeopardizing the
exports is always looming large. Compartmentalization top some extent
is attempted in the commercial sector to sort out the trade
implications.



3.         Competing or complementing commercial poultry production systems?

Whereas it is evident that family poultry system so far is meant for
subsistence and no surplus production requiring organized marketing is
envisaged, there is no question of competition. Slowly however,
private industry is evincing interest in this sector and it may not be
long before this unorganized sector will also come under the ambit of
semi-commercialized system.



As far as complementing is concerned, initially private sector was
least interested as there was little commercial interest in remote
areas. Therefore, commercial industry had no issues as far as their
paths did not cross. Private commercial industry does not atleast
criticize the Government program on family poultry, but with the food
safety concerns, quality assurance norms, stringent export
requirements etc., it is imperative that a more ingenious approach to
either keep these two subsectors segregated or any other measures to
enable them to co-exist has to be thought of.



Regards,



Sujit Nayak

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