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Forum on family poultry production in developing countries

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Subject:
From:
Devesh Thakur <[log in to unmask]>
Reply To:
Forum on family poultry production in developing countries <[log in to unmask]>
Date:
Mon, 4 Jun 2012 22:24:59 +0530
Content-Type:
text/plain
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text/plain (343 lines)
Respected Researchers,

Currently I am working on World bank funded ICAR NAIP project on
Biodiversity conservation and sustainable livelihoods through
agro-livestock interventions in which we have learnt certain important
lessons which I would like to share:

1.We have used the local poultry germplasm,selective breeding,improved
with indigenous birds and reintroduced back to farm families.

2.The beneficiaries who had previous experience of family poultry have
reported improved productivity parameters in their birds with superior
performance.

3.The female farmers have been the real benefiaciaries as they had
more knowldge and inclination to take up this activity.

4.We have tried to ensure natural incubation(hen based egg hatching)
which means farmers are not dependent on external hatcheries for
chicks.

5.Predator attacks,family labour availabilty was a major factor for
households to take decision to take up family poultry rearing.

Regards


On Sun, Jun 3, 2012 at 8:54 AM, Rajali Yahya <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
> Yes...I am agree with Dr Victor.
>
> Family farming problem is the income problem.
> In Indonesia many family farmer and small farmer going bankrupt and
> collapsed because of price at the harvest time is low sharp fluctuated and
> uncontrolable. the price is set up by poultry integrator.  Can the family
> farmer fight the DOC price, feed price, medicine price, and mantaining the
> price at harvest time?
>
> I think the family farmer should be united perform cooperation business
> which is has own small scale breeding farm, has a small hatchery unit, has
> small feed mill, has small scale poultry slaughter houses and small capacity
> of cold storage. It does not matter weather they take care kampong chicken,
> broiler chicken, layer chicken and duck.  The united cooperation should able
> marketing their final product directly to the consumer in the common city,
> they should able cut a long market chain to be short market chain.  They
> should has their own freezer truck to send their carcases to super market in
> the city.
>
> The family farmer united should get continious training how to blend and
> formulate the feed, how to use cheap local feed material for their poultry,
> how to take care parent stock in small scale, how to apply hygiene slaughter
> SOP, how to storage  and deliver carcasses in cold chain technique.
>
> So the small farmer or family farmer able survive run their family farm with
> normal and measurable profit.
>
> They (family farmer) can start from the district where the people are has
> experience in poultry farming but already collapse because of set up price
> by poultry integrator company.
>
> Thanks and warm regard
>
> Rajali Yahya DVM, MBA
> UN - FAO ECTAD
> Indonesia
>
>
> On Thu, May 31, 2012 at 6:36 PM, Olori, Victor <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
>>
>> I would prefer that we do not use this 3rd conference arguing the same old
>> questions of what breed, genetic conservation etc.
>>
>> Family poultry production is an activity with potential to improve
>> economic and health wellbeing of those engaging in it.
>>
>> It seems to me that the real question, if we skip  the rhetoric  and
>> window dressing,  is;
>>
>>
>>
>> What do we need to do to raise the profile of family poultry production to
>> achieve the following?
>>
>> a)      Increase family income
>>
>> b)      Encourage regular consumption as a source of protein for the
>> family
>>
>>
>>
>> In my mind, to achive these, each family producer muct be able to increase
>> their output. I choose the word  ‘output’ rather than ‘productivity’ not to
>> confuse with necessarily higher performance. You can simply increase output
>> by increasing the number birds you have (with current level of performance)
>> or increase performance with current numbers.
>>
>>  Eitherway,
>>
>>                i.      The family producer needs to increase output  in
>> line with possible level of investment to be profitable.
>>
>>               ii.      Each producer needs to be able to distinguish
>> between breeder birds (and their replacemenents)  and finisher birds for
>> consumption or market. This will also allow them have a regular  (dpending
>> on turnover rate)  stock  for the market and hence a regular source of
>> income.
>>
>>
>>
>> Please note that the above has nothing to do with the breed or chicks so
>> using the indigenous breeds as they are will be perfectly okay. Also nothing
>> stopping those who want to invest more from using commercially available
>> hybrids.  Experience has told us that nothing anyone does short of encaging
>> in massive culling of the indigenous breeds will make them go away. If you
>> run the commercial hybrids along with the local, they will either survive
>> and help increase the variation in the base genetic resource or will be
>> culled by nature.  We can have a strong academeic agurment about this if you
>> like.
>>
>>
>>
>> So unders this context, what do we need to do to increase the output or
>> productivity of the family poultry producer.  What research and development
>> action do we need?
>>
>> I dare say there has been sufficient research conducted to show how much
>> improvement can be achieved if the birds are;
>>
>>                i.      Better housed  (prevention of accidents and
>> predation especially of chicks)
>>
>>               ii.      Better fed   (supplimentakl feeding )
>>
>>             iii.      Medically cared for  (vaccinations etc)
>>
>>
>>
>> If not then these are research topics.  These need to be address at
>> individual country /community level as I doubt if the production parameters
>> are constant across all countries where family production take place.   I am
>> also sure that the handbook on family poultry production compiled by Sonaiya
>> et al has addressed some of these questions.
>>
>>
>>
>> So what is missing in my mind  is ACTION or a  DEVELOPMENT PLAN  that can
>> be implemented to raise the productivity of family production at community
>> level.
>>
>> What agencies/institutions do we need to support and advise family poultry
>> producers at the local level?
>>
>> Who will help set up and finance them?
>>
>> What will be the mandate of such resource centres?
>>
>> What caliber of personnel is required to achive this  mandate?
>>
>> If we do not have such personnet, how can we go about training them?
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> My two penny worth comment
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Dr. Victor E. Olori
>>
>> ----------------------------
>>
>>
>>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Forum on family poultry production in developing countries
>> [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Datta Rangnekar
>> Sent: 31 May 2012 08:14
>> To: [log in to unmask]
>> Subject: Note for the E-Conf. on family poultry
>>
>>
>>
>> Dear participants,
>>
>> This is Datta Rangnekar from Ahmadabad, India.
>>
>> My compliments to the organizers of this E-conf. as it gives me a good
>> opportunity to express my views based on ‘perceptions developed through
>> interactions, observations and learning’ while working/ interacting with
>> underprivileged and not so underprivileged families in different parts of
>> India (may be relevant to South Asia to some extent).
>>
>> I would like to express observations first on point 2 ‘the development for
>> livelihoods through family poultry — cost and opportunities’ since I feel it
>> provides desired backdrop for discussions on other aspects of the E-Conf.
>>
>>
>>
>> ·          ‘Socio-economic importance of family poultry’ needs no emphasis
>> since the ‘traditional backyard family poultry’ (the predecessor of the
>> modern family poultry) is an integral part of livelihood systems of many a
>> social groups of underprivileged families. I realized the strong linkage and
>> importance observing how quickly the families re-stock the birds after these
>> get wiped out due to calamities like floods, earthquake or disease epidemic
>> (I always wished I could study the process for better understanding).
>>  Social factors have a strong bearing on choice of sub-systems and hence
>> family poultry production is more common in rural areas of India with
>> certain social and religious groups.
>>
>> The current approach to development of family poultry does contribute in a
>> small way to ‘Nutritional Security’ (I prefer to use that term rather than
>> food security). The contribution is small since the ‘push is for sale of
>> produce’ in the development schemes. In states where large commercial
>> poultry farms have not come up the contribution of traditional and modern
>> family poultry to poultry production is around 50%.
>>
>> ·           However, the current approach to development of family poultry
>> is ‘killing poultry genetic resources’ rather than conserving. The
>> ‘development schemes for family poultry’ provide substantial assistance in
>> form of supply of chicks of new varieties (synthetics or hybrids) developed
>> by Govt. of private units at heavily subsidized rate but there is no support
>> for developing traditional family poultry based on indigenous birds – except
>> for one or two well recognized breeds like Kadaknath from central India.
>>
>>
>>
>> ·          The traditional family poultry is one of the most sustainable
>> production systems with hardly any dependence on external sources (including
>> chicks). One of the salient features of the system is that it is one of the
>> few that is ‘producer centered’ in the sense that the ‘producer does not
>> have to approach retailer or consumer for sale but they approach the
>> producer’. While the producer may get lower price for the products but
>> consider saving in drudgery / hassle/ time/energy spent on selling the
>> product and that is used for other livelihood activities (that is how the
>> rural families allocate the limited resource of time and energy).
>>
>>
>>
>> ·          A look at the prevailing rural livelihood systems would clearly
>> reveal that these are made up of a combination of a number of sub-systems
>> and hence we should not even think of ‘Poultry alone having the capacity of
>> improving livelihoods’ drop this kind of ‘reductionist approach’. The
>> underprivileged / resource poor rural families never depend on one
>> sub-system – it is one of the ‘risk aversion mechanisms’.
>>
>>  ·          Organizations involved in rural livelihood development and
>> have understood the systems, would and should not plan for developing only
>> one sub-system but take a ‘holistic approach’. However, some subsystems may
>> be given higher priority compared to others depending on the situation and
>> social factors (there is variation between and within a region).
>>
>> ·          Regarding the choice between genetic resources, feed, and
>> animal health for highest degree of improvement, at a lower cost – the
>> answer is on the same lines as above – ‘it is not possible to achieve high
>> degree of improvement with a single intervention. I cannot refrain from
>> mentioning that this kind of ‘reductionist approach’ is commonly seen in
>> most of the Govt. development programmes and the results were not
>> encouraging – breeding intervention somehow was the most common/popular
>> choice and ‘breeding became synonymous with development and it is high time
>> we depart from this approach/thinking.
>>
>>  ·          Family poultry development cannot be identified as easier than
>> development of other livestock species.
>>
>> ·          Family poultry production is ‘low external input system’ and
>> hence less likely to be effected by crunch on resources.
>>
>> ·          Meat and eggs – both have equal importance for livelihood.
>>
>> ·          It is the ‘rapport and credibility of the development
>> organizations’ that would determine degree of risks that producers will take
>> knowingly.
>>
>>  Best wishes.
>>
>> Datta Rangnekar
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
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-- 
Dr Devesh Thakur
M.Vsc Indian Veterinary Research Institute
Assistant Professor
Department of Veterinary & AH Extension
College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
CSKHPKV Palampur. HP. India 919495117

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