*CA-CoP* *CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE
**for sustainable production intensification*

Dear Subscribers,

Please see a note from USDA on no-till systems in the US shared with CA-CoP
by Mohan Koli in Paraguay.

*Amir Kassam
**Moderator*

Plant Production and Protection Division
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Viale delle Terme di Caracalla
00153 Rome
Italy
e-mail: [log in to unmask]
URL: www.fao.org/ag/ca

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Mohan Kohli <[log in to unmask]>
Date: Wed, Jun 12, 2013 at 7:26 PM
Subject: No till in the US
To: Rolf Derpsch <[log in to unmask]>, amitito <[log in to unmask]>,
Amir Kassam <[log in to unmask]>


Soil Tillage and Crop Rotation

Some production practices influence soil health in a way that impacts both
long-run productivity and environmental outcomes such as nutrient run-off
and carbon sequestration. Tillage and crop rotations are two such practices.

Tillage--turning the soil to control for weeds and pests and to prepare for
seeding--has long been part of crop farming. However, intensive soil
tillage can increase the likelihood of soil erosion, nutrient runoff into
nearby waterways, and the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
A reduction in how often or how intensively cropland is tilled enables the
soil to retain more organic matter, which leaves the soil less susceptible
to wind and water erosion and helps store, or "sequester," carbon.

Farmers have choices for how they prepare the soil; reduce weed growth;
incorporate fertilizer, manure and organic matter into the soil; and seed
their crops, including the number of tillage operations and tillage depth.
In general, the less the soil is disturbed the more organic matter it
retains and the less it erodes.  No-till is generally the least intensive
form of tillage; no-till operations accounted for an estimated 35 percent
of U.S. cropland planted to eight major crops in 2009. The crops--barley,
corn, cotton, oats, rice, sorghum, soybeans, and wheat--constituted 94
percent of total U.S. planted acreage in 2009. Furthermore, the use of
no-till increased over time for corn, cotton, soybeans, and rice, the crops
for which the Agricultural Resource Management Survey
(ARMS)<http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/arms-farm-financial-and-crop-production-practices.aspx>
data
were sufficient to calculate a trend.

No-till adoption varied substantially across crops, however, even for those
that have generally similar production practices. For example, land planted
to barley had roughly twice the percentage of no-till (28 percent in 2003)
as land planted to oats (14 percent in 2005).
[image: Percent of planted acres under no-till system for selected crops,
2000-2010 (crop surveyed varies by year)] chart
data<http://www.ers.usda.gov/media/525224/notill.html>

Crop rotations are planned sequences of crops over time on the same field.
Rotating crops provides productivity benefits by improving soil nutrient
levels and breaking crop pest cycles. Farmers may also choose to rotate
crops in order to reduce their production risk through diversification or
to manage scarce resources, such as labor, during planting and harvesting
timing. One indication of how prevalent crop rotations are in U.S.
production is how relatively rare it is for farms to continuously produce
the same crop from year to year on the same field. For corn, soybean, and
wheat, between 84 and 92 percent of acreage involves some sort of rotation.
[image: Percent of planted acres under rotated and continuous plantings for
selected crops, 1997-2010 (crop surveyed varies by year)] chart
data<http://www.ers.usda.gov/media/1042310/rotation.html>

-- 
El intelecto *sátvico* es aquél que simplemente hace el trabajo con
alegría, sin preocuparse por el resultado. Lo que suceda o no suceda no
afecta su entusiasmo.

Present address:
Av. Brasilia 840, Asuncion, Paraguay
Tel  Of 595 21 208 855,        R 595 21 665 087

Permanent address:
Periferico Sur 4863, Apt 804, Col. Arenal Tepepan
Mexico, DF 14610, Mexico
Tel 52 55 5603 3010, 5603 8686

########################################################################

To unsubscribe from the CA-Cop-L list, click the following link:
&*TICKET_URL(CA-Cop-L,SIGNOFF);