Dear All One reason I initially started with the idea of PPR, SGPX and brucellosis is that all three essentially require one successful immunisation in the lifetime of a typical sheep or goat in many areas. I thought the idea of achieving a one visit coverage would appeal to funding agencies, especially if brucellosis was a part of the mix. I was working in Turkey at the time for FAO and the vet authorities there did not see PPR as being important whereas SGPX and brucellosis were seen as worth pursuing. Knowing that Syria seemed to have high sero-prevalences for PPR without reported disease, I was concerned about PPR entering Turkey. This is another benefit of a 3 for 1 approach in that we might be more able to create buffers around infected areas whereas otherwise there would be less incentive to act. Diseases that require frequent vaccination (annual or every 5-6 months) of all animals are going to be much harder to persuade those with the money to support, they will rightly ask how sustainable that can be. That isn't to say that those disease are not important, they undoubtedly are, just that we may struggle to get them funded. Of course, where we establish a good cold chain and supply system, other vaccines can use that to some extent, particularly if PPR/SGPX/brucellosis is done at particular times of the year. Rather than lying idle, the system could be used for other things. And in that way, we could build in the variety required in different areas. Giving different combinations of vaccines could present a risk of one or more not producing functional immunity. I know combined SGPX/PPR vaccines have been produced (but not yet widely used?) and also that some field use of brucellosis and SGPX vaccines together has been done. What other field experience of using combined PPR/SGPX/brucellosis/other vaccines administered at the same time, as either multivalent or separate vaccines, has there been to date? Regards Nick ######################################################################## To unsubscribe from the FAO-AnimalHealth-L list, click the following link: https://listserv.fao.org/cgi-bin/wa?SUBED1=FAO-AnimalHealth-L&A=1