Dear Colleagues,

Following information might be of interest to workers in the area of animal feed and feeding, especially those looking for novel feed resources.


Today EFSA has released scientific opinion on '

Risks for human and animal health related to the presence of phorbol esters in Jatropha kernel meal

See: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/scientific_output/files/main_documents/4321.pdf



Excerpt from the Abstract of the opinion:

Processes that almost completely remove or degrade toxic phorbol esters in Jatropha products are available, resulting in levels below the limit of detection of 3 mg Jatropha phorbol esters/kg (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) equivalent). Replacement of 50% of the protein in compound feeds with treated Jatropha materials would result in animal exposures that are still 10 to 200-fold lower than the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for pigs. The CONTAM Panel concluded that such use of Jatropha material would not pose a health risk to pigs and that the risk to other species is likely to be low.


Excerpt from the Conclusion of the opinion:

Rainbow trout, carp and shrimp tolerated feed in which 50% of the protein was replaced with treated Jatropha kernel meal containing Jatropha phorbol esters at concentrations below the limit of detection of the HPLC method used in those studies (below 3 mg phorbol esters/kg expressed as TPA equivalent).


(attention is drawn to the related FAO publications in which detoxification of Jatropha kernel meal has been discussed, which also played a significant role in shaping this opinion:  http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/i3009e/i3009e.pdf  ) and http://www.fao.org/docrep/019/i3650e/i3650e.pdf )


So, pigs, rainbow trout, cap and shrimp can be fed detoxified Jatropha kernel meal containing Jatropha phorbol esters at concentrations below the limit of detection of the HPLC method used (below 3 mg phorbol esters /kg expressed as TPA equivalent) at 50% replacement of the protein in feed. The EFSA scientific opinion gives examples from literature where feeding of such detoxified kernel meal at 50% replacement of the protein in the feed had similar growth when compared with the feed containing conventional protein sources and no deleterious effects were observed.


Regards,

Harinder P.S. Makkar
Animal Production and Health Division
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy

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