Anil,
A.S., Sharma, V.K., Jimenez-Ballesta, R., Parihar, C.M., Datta, S.P., Barman, M., Chobhe, K.A., Kumawat, C., Patra, A. & Jatav, S.S. 2022. Land. 11 (9). Article number 1488
https://doi.org/10.3390/land11091488
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This
paper looks at the rice-wheat system of South Asia (13.5 mha) but within the IGP where there are 10.3 mha. This intensive cropping system that is vital for food security in India has several environmental issues including depleted SOC, declining water tables,
decreased soil fertility and reduced factor productivity. The paper describes various resource conserving technologies (RCT's) such as direct seeded rice (DSR), system of rice intensification (SRI), aerobic rice, brown manuring, crop residue incorporation,
furrow irrigated raised bed system (FIRBS), zero tillage (ZT) and leaf colour chart (LCC) that not only improved the production and productivity but also maintained soil health. New emerging technologies like system of wheat intensification (SWI), LCC application
for nitrogen management, bed transplanting in rice followed by laser levelling in wheat with zero tillage wheat, incorporation of rice residues over conventional transplanting also showed promising results.
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Bai,
L., Kong, X., Li, H., Zhu, H., Wang, C. & Ma, S. 2022. Agriculture. 12 (9). Article number 1449.
https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091449
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Dey,
A., Patel, S. & Singh, H.P. 2022. Pages 204-218. In. Kumar, P., Pandey, S.K., Singh, S.K., Singh, S.S. & Singh, V.K. (Eds.) Sustainable Agriculture Systems and Technologies. John Wiley & Sons. Chichester, UK. 376 pages.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119808565.ch9
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Kaduwal,
S., Karki, T.B., Neupane, R., Bhattarai, R.K., Chaulagain, B., Ghimire, P., Gyawaly, P. & Das, S.K. 2022. Agronomy Journal of Nepal. 6 (1) 119-131.
https://doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v6i1.47953
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Pu,
C., Chen, J-S., Wang, H-D., Virk, A.L., Zhao, X. & Zhang, H-L. 2022. Science of the Total Environment. 819. Article number 153089.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153089
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Kader,
M.A., Jahangir, M.M.R., Islam, M.R., Begum, R., Nasreen, S.S., Islam, Md.R., Mahmud, A.Al., Haque, M.E., Bell, R.W., & Jahiruddin, M. 2022. Field Crops Research. 287. Article number 108636.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108636
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This
paper from Bangladesh looked at intensively grown (3 crops per year) rice-based cropping systems and various management options. This 9-year study examined various 2 soil disturbance - strip tillage (ST) and conventional tillage (CT); two residue retention
levels –15% residue by height (low residue, LR) and 30% residue (high residue, HR) and five N rates (60%, 80%, 100%, 120%, and 140% of the recommended N for a rice-wheat-mungbean system. Rice yields were comparable between the two tillage systems for up to
year-6, wheat for up to year-3 but mungbean yield markedly increased in ST from year-1. Introduction of ST increased land equivalent ratio by 26% relative to CT, N use efficiency and partial factor productivity. They conclude that by practicing CA with increased
residue retention under strip tillage, the crops had higher N use efficiency, grain yield, land equivalent ratio and annual gross margin in the rice-wheat-mungbean cropping system.
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Lin,
H., He, J., Li, H., Li, H., Wang, Q., Lu., C., Li, Y. & Jiang, S. 2022. Agriculture. 12 (9) Article number 1311.
https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091311
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This
paper looks at various impacts on water of various sustainable agricultural measures. Straw retention and reduced tillage were mentioned as the most successful measures in arid and semi-arid regions. As such this review looks at these two factors in respect
of SOM, soil moisture, soil temperature, soil microorganisms, soil enzyme activity, soil fertility, soil carbon emissions, pests, weeds, soil erosion, water use efficiency and yield under different tillage systems. Straw mulching increased SOM, soil moisture
and reduced drought, but can increase pest and diseases and change the microbial community. But straw mulch does enhance WUE and yield. Reducing tillage maintained soil integrity, which is conducive to soil and water conservation.
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